About dotless printing
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At present, whether it is Chinese painting, oil painting, or advertising, as long as the layer is carried out, especially the skin color of the image is the original color separation and screen printing, through offset printing, gravure printing, letterpress printing (flexographic printing) screen The printing is reproduced, but there are also jurassic plates, woodcut watermarks, and screenless dotless printing.
1 dot printing
There are two kinds of two points for dot printing that represent the color image level:
1.1 AM screen printing
Refers to the size of the dot in the unit area to represent the depth and darkness of the image, but it has a weakness that is prone to moiré.
1.2 FM network dot screen printing
With the increase of computer computing functions, there is a frequency-added network dot-adding technology. The frequency-adjusting screening technology is consistent in the size of the network points in the unit area. The number of dots is also used to express the depth and darkness of the image. The FM network is basically solved. The problem of moiré.
Whether the above two kinds of screening methods use offset printing, gravure printing, embossing or screen printing, if you want to express the image level, you can't do without the network. Look at the printed matter with a magnifying glass, whether it is the AM screening technology or the FM network. Screening technology, the outlets are clearly visible on the replicas, so they can definitely be replicas, and they can't be elegant.
2 no dot printing
There is no way to print at the dot level. There are currently three ways: 珂罗版印刷, woodcut watermark printing, and screen printing.
2.1 Jurassic printing
Milo printing is an early invention of photolithography, which is made by glass, also known as glass printing. The process is:
2.1.1 Grinding glass
The smooth surface of a 10 mm thick glass was ground, washed, dried, and then coated with a primer.
2.1.2 Coating the bottom layer
The ground glass is further coated with a mixture of sodium silicate and protein solution and a liquid as a bottom layer, and after drying, a photoresist is applied.
2.1.3 Coating photosensitive adhesive
On the dry bottom layer, a layer of dichromate and alum solution is applied to the bottom layer, and then dried. The drying temperature is between 40 ° C and 60 ° C. When dried, the photoresist will be fine. Wrinkles.
2.1.4 Printing version
The continuously adjusted negative film is exposed and developed in close contact with the photosensitive film. The unexposed photosensitive adhesive is washed away during development, and a water absorbing layer is formed during printing. The photosensitive adhesive of the light-receiving part is different in the depth of the photosensitive adhesive due to the different layers, and the thickness of the ink-absorbing layer is also different.
2.1.5 Printing
It is printed on a dedicated platform with a Jura printer, and its structure is round flat and inked with a rubber roller. The applied ink requires good fluidity and low viscosity.
Because the printing uses a negative film negative plate, the larger the hardened layer on the plate image, the more the hardened layer is, the more wrinkles, the more the amount of ink adhered, and the darker the color when printing. On the contrary, the brighter it is.
Although the print is a world-recognized method of dotless printing, it is difficult to duplicate fine images because of the subtle level of detail. Japan also has a print of the Jurassic, and only prints such as certificates.
2.2 Woodcut Watermark Printing
Woodcut watermarks are invented in China and are my traditional printing methods. They are recognized in the world and their craftsmanship:
2.2.1 Ticking (separation).
(1) When tracing, firstly cover the original transparent and impervious film paper, and then copy the picture on the film paper.
(2) The goose paper is then smeared on the film paper of the manuscript, and the points, lines, color blocks, inscriptions, seals and picture layers are respectively depicted as a single manuscript according to different color separations. How many shades are written on the original, how many manuscripts are drawn separately.
Technicians (some painters) who undertake tracing must not only have high painting skills, but also have a deep knowledge of Chinese painting. When tracing, it is necessary to make a decision on how to print the original and the original, the artist's style and artistic characteristics, and the size of the picture.
2.2.2 Carved wood plate
Post the manuscript on the wooden board. After drying, you can engrave and make plates. Each manuscript is engraved into a wooden board. It is necessary to print a painting with dozens of pieces or even hundreds of plates. The engraver must familiarize himself with the ancient and modern paintings, and carefully understand the original works in order to be able to manipulate the lines and the layers of the sculptures.
2.2.3 Printing
The engraved woodblocks are printed in sequence. The method is to first brush the wood protruding portion (that is, the screen portion), then spread the rice paper on it, and then hold the brush to print on the rice paper. How many pieces of wood are printed with this rice paper, and finally finished.
But brushing is not an easy task. It requires the brush reader to be familiar with the painting technique. Before brushing, analyze the fast, slow, light, heavy, and thick, light, dry, wet, etc. Different, in the process of printing, according to the original rendering retouching, etc., while brushing and printing with a brush and appropriate processing, so that the brush printed reproduction of the original pen and ink features.
2.3 Screen printing
Screen-level printing can achieve Chinese painting, oil painting and advertising painting without dots. Its process:
2.3.1 Original layered color separation
The original is divided into a plurality of pieces by different levels of yellow, yellow, black, and black through a computer. If you can divide each color into 10 levels, each color can be divided into 10 different levels of negatives.
2.3.2 Screen printing version
The 40 negatives were numbered and turned into 40 screen plates. The requirements of the drying process for the tension of the stretcher, the selection of the screen, the application of the photoresist, the exposure time, the development, and the like should be substantially the same as those required for the screen printing to produce a fine screen.
2.3.3 Printing
According to the screen number of the different layers of the film, the printing is carried out in order. This printing method is called layer printing. Some people call it step printing. In fact, the layers are printed from shallow to deep. It can not only achieve the purpose of performance level, but also achieve dotless printing, can be fake, such as in France to copy ancient paintings in this way, to give real artistic value. French oil painters entrusted their oil paintings to the screen printing company. After copying and copying this method, they were signed by the painter to make them valuable.
3 Screen printing will be the direction of future dotless printing development
Offset, gravure, embossing, and screen printing of the above-mentioned FM network points, because the replica has a dot, it can not be elegant, but the use of the dotless printing, due to insufficient layers, limited space, less printing, etc. And gradually eliminated.
Although the woodcut watermark copy image can achieve the effect of false and false, but the production cycle is long, the printing volume is small, the cost is high, and the steps of tracing, adjusting, and printing are complicated and the manual operation components are many, although the technician is an expert, each piece The color tone is also difficult to be consistent, easy to cause color cast, and there is also misregistration. Deformation and other issues.
Nowadays, the competition of printing enterprises is based on science and technology and talents. The continuous application of new technologies, new processes, new materials and new equipments of screen printing enterprises has led to the rapid development of screen printing technology.
Because the screen printing system uses the modern tool of computer to analyze the original, layer scan the original, output the layered negative film, and then print through the screen plate and layer, the copied crafts have high precision and rich layers. The reproducibility is good, not only can it be compared with the dot printing glue, but the no-branded Jurassic version and the woodcut watermark cannot be compared.
Nowadays, people are particularly fond of the authenticity of ancient paintings and oil paintings because of the increasing collection of art and the increasing appreciation of art. But there is often only one authenticity, so how can we meet the needs of people? In comparison, only the screen version (no dot) printing can make the image delicate, rich in layers, strong in three-dimensional, and the ink layer can be thick and thin. The offset is generally 3-4um, and the thickness of the screen printing ink layer can reach dozens. Micron can make the image prominence, especially for the oil painting can really maintain the original artistic charm, to maximize the effect of the original, so the screenless printing of the screen technology will be the future direction of copying Chinese painting and ink development.