Typographical fonts
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The original printed font is the font used for engraving. Engraving printing is the printing method invented in China. The written text is first affixed to the wooden board, and then engraved into a reverse embossed word, which is a printing plate. Therefore, the engraved font is a handwritten script (see Figure 1). Later, in the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the number and variety of printing increased greatly, and there appeared a full-time staff. They worked with the engraved craftsmen to design a beautiful and easy to engrave font. This is the initial " Song body." In the Qing Dynasty of the Northern Song Dynasty (1041-1048), Bi Sheng invented the movable type, and he used the clay to make the flaky characters. Then, there will be the appearance of wooden type and copper type (see Figure 2). These fonts are limited to "Sui Shu" and "Song", and the size of the word is fixed to one size. As for the mold casting metal font, it was said that it was developed by European missionaries in Shanghai in the 18th century.
There are many words in Chinese, and the design of glyphs has caused a lot of fonts to be quite laborious. In addition, the work of manufacturing fonts and castings is heavy, and therefore, the number of typefaces is limited. There are only four types of typefaces in the forties: they are (1) old Song (2) imitation Song (3) thick line (4) Chinese. In the 1950s, a new "beauty body" was added. The size of the font is in "number". A set of standard Song characters is divided into three series: (1) No. 1, No. 2, No. 5, No. 7 (2) No. 1, No. 4 (3) No. 3, No. 6. (See Figure 3.) In the most basic nine thousand words, the number of fonts to be configured for a set of words is more than 80,000. Therefore, casting movable type is a difficult task.
Each of the above three series has its basic purpose. In terms of printing companies, it does not need to be configured with all three series. The size of the text used to arrange the main body of the book is No. 5 (10.5 points), the sixth newspaper (8 points) for newspapers, and the fourth (14 points) for textbooks. Therefore, depending on the nature of the work, different configurations can be chosen.
The same set of words, regardless of the size of the word, the strokes of the words need to be consistent. If a word size is used as a standard, it is enlarged or shrunk to cause other sizes, which have certain limitations. When there is excessive, the proportion of the word stroke will be uncoordinated. Therefore, when zoomed in to a certain degree, there are many strokes, some strokes should be bold, and when it is reduced to a certain extent, some strokes should be reduced. These procedures increase the difficulty of creating a model.
Phototypesetting can use an optical lens to enlarge or reduce a set of standard negative glyphs to different sizes. However, it also has a limit. When it is too large or too thin, the proportion of the thick and young lines of the word does not seem to be reconciled. Therefore, there are generally two to three negative-sized negative-shaped fonts of different sizes as standards, which are respectively enlarged and reduced in different ranges. Digital fonts, caused by a dense dot matrix. Each point is a pixel, because the pixels are many, so when the font is enlarged or shrunk, the stroke is much easier to modify.
There are many different designs for typefaces, each with its own unique face, each with a different aesthetic. The number of Chinese characters is large, and the design is difficult. However, due to the advancement of digital technology, the digitalization of printing technology, the production of digital fonts is relatively easy, and the number of Chinese fonts is gradually increasing. On the whole, the fonts used to arrange the text, the glyphs can not go out of the above various fonts. A relatively new design is more suitable for ranking titles. For this reason, the current printed fonts can basically be classified into the following six categories (see Figure 4). There are many different types of words in this category:
(1) "Song" is also known as "Old Song". The font is correct, the word is horizontally drawn and straight, and the engraving font is improved. It appears moderately soft, soft and soft, often used to arrange text.
(2) "Imitation of the Song Dynasty" is to change the Song Dynasty characters and adjust the contrast of the horizontal strokes to a similar situation. The font is neat and tidy, and it is most practical for printing books.
(3) "Line body" was formerly known as "black body" or "square head". The font is thick, thick and eye-catching. The strokes of the words are thick and horizontal and equal. Often used as a title word, the younger lines can also be used to arrange text.
(4) "kai shu ti" is a font that is "handwritten" with a brush. Its font strokes are soft and pleasing, and are often used for ranking titles, textbooks, invitations, and more.
(5) "Beauty" is also a modification of the strokes of the Song font. The font is very elegant and is one of the most popular fonts.
(6) "Decorative body" is a type of art font with more flowers. It is only suitable for arranging headlines, or some short words, which can affect the smoothness and speed of reading.
The English font form is called "type style". A set of English characters, large and small letters with punctuation and other symbols, no more than 150. Therefore, the design is easier than Chinese. The existing English fonts are much like the number of Ganges sands, but from the characteristics of the fonts, many fonts can be classified into the following three categories (see Figure 5):
(1) The type with serif originated in the Roman Empire and gradually evolved into its current shape. It is also known as "Roman" and is the main typeface of the main text.
(2) Sans serif – type without serif appeared in the early 19th century. It may be a font designed according to the shape of ancient Greek stone carvings, and many sans serif fonts are often used to arrange text.
(3) A decorative type refers to a design other than the above two types of fonts. However, if the above two fonts have a word size of more than 14 points, they are also called decorative fonts.
There are some books, in order to match the text content in the book, give up the use of printed fonts, choose to use handwritten fonts as the text.