Seven green biodegradable plastics
Ordinary plastics are prone to white pollution. In normal circumstances, the decomposition rate is very slow. Some people say that there are more plastics in the ocean than fish, which may be alarmist, but we have to pay attention to it. As people's environmental awareness continues to increase, degradable plastics are gradually moving toward people's horizons.
We Chinese people pay attention to the fall of the leaves. The people who make plastics also hope that they can "fall back to the roots". After completing their mission, they will return to nature and become one with nature. Thus, degradable plastics came into being. Today, we will talk about the seven most representative biodegradable plastics.
First, polylactic acid PLA
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a new type of biodegradable material made from starch raw materials proposed by renewable plant resources such as corn. It has good biodegradability, can be completely degraded by microorganisms in nature after use, and finally produces carbon dioxide and water, which does not pollute the environment. This is very beneficial to the environment and is recognized as an environmentally friendly material. It is understood that PLA accounts for 45.1% of biodegradable plastics and is a well-deserved main force.
The degradation of polylactic acid is divided into two stages: 1) first, hydrolysis to a lactic acid monomer; 2) lactic acid monomer is degraded into carbon dioxide and water by the action of microorganisms. Food cups made of polylactic acid can be completely degraded in just 60 days, truly achieving both ecological and economic effects.
PLA is mainly used for food packaging and 3D printing that everyone is most concerned about. The largest manufacturer of PLA is American NatureWorks, followed by China's Hisun.
Second, poly 3-hydroxyalkanoate PHA
PHA is a different structure of aliphatic copolyester synthesized by microorganisms fermented by various carbon sources. The most common of these are poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) and a copolymer of PHB and PHV (PHBV).
The main purposes are: disposable tableware, non-woven fabrics, packaging materials, agricultural film, toys, coatings, glue, fiber and other degradable products.
Domestic PHA companies include Tianjin Guoyun Biomaterial Co., Ltd., Wuhan Gorgeous Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Huasheng Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Tianhe Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Fujian Baishida Biomaterial Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing Huafang Degradable Plastic Co., Ltd. Wait.
Third, poly-ε-caprolactone PCL
Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) is a low-melting polymer obtained by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, which has a melting point of only 62 °C. The degradability study of PCL has been started since 1976, and in the anaerobic and aerobic environment, PCL can be completely decomposed by microorganisms.
Compared with PLA, PCL has better hydrophobicity, but the degradation rate is slower; at the same time, its synthesis process is simple and the cost is low. PCL has excellent processing properties and can be made into films and other products by ordinary plastic processing equipment.
Fourth, polyester - PBS / PBSA
PBS with aliphatic succinic acid and butanediol as the main raw materials can meet the demand through petrochemical products, and can also be produced through bio-fermentation through natural renewable crop products such as starch, cellulose and glucose. Green circulation production from nature and return to nature. Moreover, raw materials produced by the bio-fermentation process can significantly reduce the cost of raw materials, thereby further reducing the cost of PBS.
Compared with similar products, the advantages of polyester bio-drop plastics:
1) Good heat resistance. This prompted it to be promoted in the catering sector;
2) The processing conditions are not high;
3) Easy to store and resistant to hydrolysis.
Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is extremely versatile and can be used in packaging, tableware, cosmetic bottles and pharmaceutical bottles, disposable medical supplies, agricultural films, pesticides and fertilizers, and biomedical polymers.
Five, aliphatic aromatic copolyester
An aliphatic aromatic random copolyester (Ecoflex) manufactured by BASF, Germany, whose monomers are: adipic acid, terephthalic acid, and 1,4-butanediol. The current production capacity is 140,000 tons / year. At the same time, biodegradable plastic products based on polyester and starch were developed.
Sixth, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)
Water-soluble PVA film is a new type of plastic product that has emerged internationally. It utilizes PVA's film-forming properties, water and biological degradation properties, and can be completely degraded into CO2 and H2O. It is a veritable green high-tech environmental packaging material.
In Europe, America and Japan, water-soluble PVA films have been widely used in the packaging of various products. The development of water-soluble PVA film in China is still in its infancy, and industrial R&D has only really begun in the past five years. It is mainly used in two fields of embroidery and water transfer (color printing of glass, ceramics, electrical enclosures, etc.). The annual usage of PVA in this respect is about 10,000 tons.
Seven, carbon dioxide copolymer
A new type of synthetic material under study, which uses carbon dioxide as a monomer raw material to be activated to a higher degree under the action of a bimetallic coordination PBM type catalyst, and copolymerizes with an epoxide to form an aliphatic polycarbonate ( PPC), after post-treatment, a carbon dioxide resin material is obtained.
In foreign countries, the first countries to study carbon dioxide copolymers were mainly Japan and the United States, but there has been no industrial production. Domestic Inner Mongolia Mengxi Group Corporation has adopted the technology of Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, and has built a device with an annual output of 3,000 tons of carbon dioxide/epoxy compound copolymer resin. The products are mainly used in packaging and medical materials.
In addition, chitin, polyamide, polyaspartic acid, polysaccharides, and cellulose are all under development.
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