Starch-based plastic
Starch-based plastics use chemical reactions to chemically modify starch, reduce the hydroxyl groups of starch, and change its original structure, thereby changing the corresponding properties of starch and turning original starch into thermoplastic starch.
Chinese name
Starch-based plastic
Exterior
Milky white
English name
plastarch
table of Contents
1 Basic content
Starch is a natural polymer with a large number of hydroxyl groups in its molecule (molecular structure is Ⅱ and Ⅲ). Therefore, the interaction force between starch macromolecules is very strong, which makes the original starch difficult to melt process, and it is in common with other polymers. Compatibility with other polymers during mixing is also poor. However, these hydroxyl groups can undergo chemical reactions such as esterification, etherification, grafting, and crosslinking. These chemical reactions are used to chemically modify the starch, reduce the hydroxyl groups of the starch, and change its original structure, thereby changing the corresponding properties of the starch and turning the original starch into a thermoplastic starch.
1. Esterification, transesterification or etherification reaction In order to change the hydrophilicity of starch to hydrophobicity, the hydroxyl group on the starch molecule will undergo esterification and transesterification reaction with fatty acids and fatty acid esters to produce starch esters.
2. Crosslinking reaction
In order to improve the strength and heat resistance of starch materials, starch and compounds with two or more functional groups (such as polyacids, etc.) undergo cross-linking reaction, so that the starch undergoes moderate cross-linking.
3. Independent innovation of blending and copolymerization Most of the preparation technology of starch plastics is to fill and blend starch with other polymer materials. The products obtained in this way are not strong due to poor compatibility, and the scope of use is limited. Starch-based plastics also undergo starch copolymerization in the starch modification process to obtain graft copolymers of starch and other polymers, thereby improving the compatibility of starch with other polymer materials. Through chemical modification, three modifications of starch were achieved: hydrophilicity was changed to hydrophobicity; heat sensitivity was changed to temperature resistance; hard and brittleness was changed to plasticity. This modification solves the worldwide problem of starch modification and lays a good foundation for subsequent processing.
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