Printing consumables - the application and development of paper and cardboard
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First, the overall development level of paper and cardboard
1. Development focus
In recent years, printing technology has become increasingly refined, high-speed and automated. Paper, which is the main consumable for printing, has not stopped in terms of printing performance and new product development, and has been continuously introduced.
(1) Development direction of printing culture paper
At present, printing paper is mainly letterpress paper, newsprint, offset paper, coated paper, etc. The quality of newsprint, offset paper and coated paper has been continuously improved in recent years. The domestic market of newsprint and offset paper has seen a situation in which the production exceeds sales. At the same time, the domestic market began to focus on some new products.
① Uncoated wood-free high-grade printing paper. At present, almost all uncoated wood-free printing papers use alkaline papermaking and use calcium carbonate fillers in large quantities, and the performance of such paper products has been unchanging in the direction of brighter and whiter. South America's Brazil, Europe, and Asia produce uncoated wood-free printing paper with a brightness of 94o to 96o and a whiteness of >150%. This type of paper not only has good printability and higher optical performance, but also excellent image quality with inkjet, laser printing and xerography. American International Paper has announced the expansion of its patented Color LokTM technology from the production of only hp-branded paper products to the production of IP-labeled paper products. Hewlett-Packard also plans to sell the technology to other uncoated, wood-free pulp mills.
② Replacement paper without wood pulp paper. Alternative paper grades without groundwood pulp paper are generally used in large quantities of mechanical wood pulp, supplemented with filler and light gauge size press coating. Paper can replace uncoated fine paper products for traditional purposes, and mechanical wood pulp can be added. The bulk of the paper, the equivalent paper thickness, can be reduced by about 10%. The brightness of this alternative paper grade is comparable to the brightness of uncoated woodfree paper. Alternative papers that have been introduced include: Abitibi's Alternative Offset and Equal Offset branded offset webs, and Bowater's BowHybrid brand printing paper.
③ coated offset paper (FCO paper) and metered size press light coated paper. This is a high value-added paper grade produced by a metered size press coating and a heated soft calendering process. The used paper has a higher mechanical wood pulp content than the uncoated super calendered paper (SC paper). FCO paper has better printability in thermoset offset printing, and is more suitable for gravure printing, which shows excellent smoothness and gloss. FCO paper is replacing uncoated SC paper and LWC paper, especially when used as a newspaper insert ad and low-priced magazine paper.
④ coated offset printing paper. The continuous development of thermosetting offset printing and the increase of postage have driven the market demand for ultra-lightweight coated paper (ULWC paper), and it is also a challenge to paper anti-offset performance and opacity. In response to the growing demand for high-quality image printing, prepress and printing processes are evolving to the use of fine screening techniques and fine printing.
⑤ digital printing paper prospects are promising. Digital printing is rapidly evolving as an emerging printing model. The growth and quality of the continuous wide format inkjet printing business (near the offset level), from sheetfed to web. It will certainly be used in the field of newspaper and magazine printing, and therefore requires new paper grades with cationic surface properties.
The constant changes in direct mail advertising and financial media will bring demand for new and versatile paper types. To achieve pre-printing and variable data printing on high-speed printing lines, the paper used must have high-quality multi-color printing performance suitable for both offset and digital printing. There is currently no paper on the market that meets this demand, which will be a market area that needs to be developed and is expected to grow rapidly.
(2) Development direction of packaging paper
Among the four pillar packaging materials of paper, plastic, metal and glass, paper products are the fastest growing because they are the cheapest and can be recycled. At present, the development trend of paper packaging materials in China is as follows.
① Packaging paper, cardboard and cardboard paper are of high quality and light weight. In order to make full use of resources and reduce the cost of postal and transportation as much as possible, the production of low-quantity paper, cardboard and cardboard boxes is the development trend of paper products in the world. China is in newsprint, letterpress and offset printing paper, paper bag paper, etc. Low quantitative problems have been raised and have been addressed. High quality and light weight and variety of products should also be realized on products such as packaging paper and cardboard. Especially the largest amount of corrugated base paper and kraftliner paper. According to the large demand for high-grade packaging boxes in the domestic market, three low-quantity products should be added under the premise of appropriately improving the quality of the original products, that is, 100g/m2 varieties of corrugated paper and 210g/m2, 200g/m2 of kraft paper. Two varieties.
② Develop special paperboard for food packaging function. China's current whiteboard paper varieties are single, there is no classification for distinguishing different packaging materials, and there is no special food packaging cardboard for the production of different foods. In the future, we should develop and produce functional special paperboard for packaging different foods.
③ Development of plant fiber fast food boxes, research and development of snack boxes using straw, wheat straw, bagasse, clam shell and other crop fibers as raw materials with competitiveness and good economic and social benefits.
④Research and development of natural green packaging materials. Natural plant fibers can be made into bags and boxes by rolling or weaving. After adding a little adhesive, it can be made into cushioning packages of different shapes.
⑤ Develop special paperboard for disposable tableware based on straw pulp. Based on China's raw material resources, we adopt certain technology to ensure that its performance is close to the physical properties of wood pulp, and it is suitable for food packaging treatment on the surface of cardboard, so that the finished cardboard has resistance to hot water, no leakage, no delamination, and resistance. Oil and heat seal and other functions. Replacing some of the paper products can alleviate the growing problem of pulp raw materials.
⑥ Develop and apply honeycomb paperboard. At present, the products include LSQI type composite packaging box, LSOII type full honeycomb cardboard packaging box and LSOIII type lining type packaging box. Compared with the corrugated box weight of the same specification, it can save 60% of the board. This new type of carton will be the ideal packaging for China's export commodities.
⑦ Development and application of pulp molding. Product pulp molding is a three-dimensional papermaking technique. It uses waste paper as a raw material, and a certain shape of paper products is molded on a molding machine by a special mold, and is currently developing rapidly.
2. Development level
In recent years, China's paper industry has maintained a strong growth momentum, with a basic balance between production and sales, and overall overall benefits. The output and consumption of paper and paperboard have increased year by year. Since 2001, it has maintained its position second only to the United States and ranks second in the world, becoming a major producer and consumer of paper and cardboard. As of the end of 2008, about 3,500 paper-making enterprises across the country, while the output has increased year by year, the products are developing with high-grade and multi-variety, and a number of paper-making enterprises with annual capacity of millions of tons have emerged, such as Shandong Chenming and Jiangsu Jindong. Shandong Sun, Shandong Huatai, UPM and other large enterprises.
In recent years, the output of paper and paperboard continued to rise. The operation of major industrial sectors announced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in 2008 showed that in 2008, China's paper industry completed machinery and paperboard of 83.9 million tons, an increase of 8.75%. Among them, the output of newsprint reached 4.61 million tons, the uncoated printing paper was 14 million tons, the coated paper was 4.5 million tons, the lightweight coated paper was 1 million tons, the whiteboard paper was 11 million tons, and the cardboard paper was 15.5 million tons. Table 1 shows). China's per capita paper consumption increased from 5.1 kg in 1978 to 64 kg in 2008 (see Table 2). In 2008, paper and paperboard imports were 3.56 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 11.24%. Imports of paper and cardboard began to decline in 2005, down 14.58% in 2005, down 15.84% in 2006, and down 9.07% in 2007. The decline varieties are: newsprint, writing and printing paper, kraft paper, corrugated paper, machine instrument paper, wallpaper, hand King paper, cardboard, transfer paper, adhesive paper, etc. The added varieties are: toilet paper and cigarette paper. Paper and cardboard exports were 4.12 million tons, down 13.47% year-on-year. There are also descending varieties: newsprint, writing and printing paper, kraft paper, corrugated paper, handmade paper, cardboard. Transfer paper, etc. The added varieties are: toilet paper, cigarette paper, machine instrument paper, wallpaper, adhesive paper, etc.
The sustained and rapid development of the paper industry stems from the new construction and expansion projects of China's paper industry in recent years. These projects have high technical starting point, advanced equipment, large scale of single machine production line, high production concentration, and high competitiveness in production and product quality. Advanced foreign papermaking technology and management experience, timely adjustment of industrial structure, improved China's papermaking technology and management level, quality and product grade of domestic paper, and the competitiveness of domestic paper in the international market.
At present, the quality of domestic press and publication printing paper has been fundamentally improved, and its excellent cost performance has greatly attracted the publishing and printing industry, which has significantly increased the localization rate of printing paper in China's publishing and printing industry. At the same time, the production, quality and grade of domestic coated paper are also constantly improving, the variety is increasing, and the market is expanding. The survey shows that the printing factory has been able to “completely accept the basic coated paper”, and the printing coated paper The localization rate has exceeded 80%; it has contributed to the colorization and refinement of printed matter.
Second, the problems facing development
As paper and paperboard consumption is closely related to economic growth, GDP growth will decline, which will have an impact on the growth of paper and paperboard consumption. It is expected that the paper industry will continue to decline in the first half of 2009, with the warming of the environment in the second half of the year. improve. Cultural paper is less affected by economic fluctuations and demand is relatively stable; the pressure of coated paper comes from the decrease of exports and the increase of production capacity; the impact of white cardboard on the impact of new production capacity is the most significant; the news paper has to wait for the day to go out; the paperboard paper is subject to economic fluctuations. The impact will be significant and the downturn will continue.
On the other hand, in addition to the news paper prices continue to rise, the highest price in 2008 is 5,600 yuan / ton (compared with 2007, almost 1,000 yuan per ton, the price in 2009 may fall to 2007 level, or even lower) The prices of all major paper types have declined to varying degrees. Affected by the decline in demand, coated paper also showed a decline of 300-600 yuan / ton, the highest even a decline of 800 yuan per ton; offset printing paper and lightweight coated paper and other cultural paper also fell 200 to 300 yuan / Tons of high-grade offset printing paper even lowered 500 yuan / ton; as for white paper and white cardboard in packaging paper and cardboard, the price dropped sharply, white cardboard fell by 300 yuan / ton, while white cardboard prices fell. 600 yuan / ton. According to the spirit of the State Council's "Light Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan" in February 2009 to increase the export tax rebate rate, paper may obtain a larger space for export tax rebates. In response to the global financial turmoil, the government has increased investment to stimulate domestic demand. It is expected that there will be a significant increase in the demand for packaging paper, and the consumption of cultural paper and household paper will also grow steadily with the economic recovery.
Third, paper and cardboard development forecast
1. In response to the development of high quality, fineness and colorization in the printing industry, the subdivision of paper products, the development of new paper types suitable for new printing processes and the improvement of paper printing suitability are the only way.
2. According to experts' prediction, global monochromatic and color digital printing revenue will account for 19% of the printing industry's overall revenue by 2010, and China's digital printing will account for 35% of commercial printing. Therefore, it is suitable for digital printing. Paper is a new measure to promote the quality of digital printing and expand the paper market.
3. For China's newspaper industry, after experiencing rapid development for more than 10 years, the development speed in the second half of 2004 began to slow down. Negative growth has already occurred in 2008, which will indicate that the consumption of newsprint paper will be reduced as the main material for newspaper printing.
4. The Internet is changing people's reading habits. The emergence of e-books will affect the sales of paper publications. The sales of papers in the face of publications will be around.
5. Regardless of printing paper or packaging paper, it will be closer to internationalization. That is to say, some new foreign paper varieties will be the development direction of technology that we can learn from.