One of the post-printing materials, cardboard type and application
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Cardboard refers to a paper product that is thicker than paper, heavy, and firm, and generally has a basis weight of 400 g/m2 or more. The thickness of the binding cardboard is 6 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, etc., and the thickness of the commonly used book cover cardboard is 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
Cardboard is one of the main materials for binding processing, especially for indispensable materials such as hardcover, ancient line and various folders. As the bones of the book envelope, the thickness, tightness, flatness, water content, strength, etc. of the cardboard are closely related to the processing effect of books, etc. Therefore, to understand the type, performance and quality of the paperboard, the correct selection is suitable. The paperboard required for each type of processing is very important for producing high quality products. Cardboard refers to a paper product that is thicker than paper, heavy, and firm, and generally has a basis weight of 400 g/m2 or more. The thickness of the binding cardboard is 6 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, etc., and the thickness of the commonly used book cover cardboard is 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
Cardboard is one of the main materials for binding processing, especially for indispensable materials such as hardcover, ancient line and various folders. As the bones of the book envelope, the thickness, tightness, flatness, water content, strength, etc. of the cardboard are closely related to the processing effect of books, etc. Therefore, to understand the type, performance and quality of the paperboard, the correct selection is suitable. The paperboard required for each type of processing is very important for producing high quality products.
Type and performance of binding cardboard
There are three kinds of commonly used cardboard for binding, namely gray-white board, grass paperboard and yellow cardboard.
1. Whiteboard paper
The gray-bottomed whiteboard paper, also known as the book-sealing cardboard, is a kind of cardboard used for book sealing in the national industry standard. Since the late 1970s, it has been applied to the production of book envelopes, and the effect is good, and it has been used ever since.
The gray-white board paper is made of ground wood pulp, semi-chemical wood pulp, straw pulp and the same waste paper pulp, and is made of multi-layer (generally three-layer) structure. The gray-white board has a smooth surface (calendered) and is suitable for making various book covers.
Gray-bottomed whiteboard paper is currently the most used type of cardboard for making book covers and various folders. Because of the strict selection of materials and preparation requirements, the paperboard has the advantages of proper water content, small elongation, good elasticity, proper tightness, smooth surface, and not easy to deform after being glued. It is favored and has been identified as a special cardboard for book cover production.
At present, there are many manufacturers of gray-whiteboard paper in China, but the quality of the products is not stable enough. There are often problems such as uneven surface of the cardboard, excessive water content, large thickness tolerance, poor level (cutting and easy delamination), and blockiness. It brings a lot of trouble to the binding process. Although the quality of products has improved in recent years, it still inevitably affects the impact of imported cardboard. In order to ensure smooth processing, the following points should be noted when using gray-white board paper.
(1) It is necessary to select the appropriate grade of paperboard according to the grade of the processed product, and select the appropriate thickness according to the thickness and the size of the book.
(2) When buying water in winter, the water content of the cardboard is too large, do not rush to use the material, store it for a period of time, let its water evaporate naturally, and then use it after the environment humidity is balanced. Do not dry after opening the material, this will cause the book cover to shrink in size and cannot be fitted with the book block.
(3) When using the automatic hot stamping machine, if the thickness tolerance of the cardboard is found to be large, it must be inspected and selected in advance, and the thickness is roughly separated. It can also be processed by a manual hot stamping machine.
(4) When the material is opened, it is found that the cardboard layer is not firmly bonded (separated from the layer). At this time, it is not necessary to cut into a small size, nor should it be used for medium-diameter cardboard, because the cardboard paste which is not tight between layers will be made into a book cover. Appearance is uneven, convex, warped, etc., which affects the appearance quality of books.
The gray-white whiteboard paper web generally has several types such as 1100mm×800mm, 1350mm×920mm, and is packaged in a flat form, and the weight of each piece does not exceed 250kg.
2. Grass cardboard
Grass paperboard, also known as horse dung board, has a rough surface and a yellow color. The main raw material is straw fiber. Grass paperboard is a kind of binding paperboard used earlier in China, and it is also a kind of paperboard with wide application. The thickness of the grass board is generally 0.7 mm, and the thickness can be increased after the twisting. The paperboard has low compactness, large elongation, poor toughness, strong surface moisture absorption and permeation ability, and is easy to warp and deform due to moisture infiltration after being glued, but its price is low, and it can be used for processing low-grade book covers. Because the raw materials and processing technology are different from the gray-white board paper, the following points should be noted when using this kind of cardboard to make a book envelope.
(1) Do not rush to use after purchasing grass paperboard. Store it for a period of time to make it flat.
(2) When encountering damp cardboard, it should be stored for a period of time to allow it to dry naturally to a certain extent before use. If it is used, it can be heated by the platen machine before use (heating temperature is generally around 65 °C) and pressurized, so that the rough surface of the paperboard is smooth, the tightness is increased, and the humidity is appropriate (preserving reasonable internal moisture).
(3) When the book is sealed, apply a binder with less moisture, fast drying and good viscosity, and improve the sweeping process so that the tension of the seal (sealing and sealing) is greater than the external tension, avoiding the processing. The book envelope is warped outwards.
(4) When making a book envelope of 16 or more sheets, it should be lining in the seal to achieve a balance of large-format tension.
The web of grass paperboard generally has several types such as 1092mm×787mm, 787mm×660mm, 787mm×546mm, etc. It is packaged in flat form, and the weight of each piece generally does not exceed 150kg.
The quality of grass paperboard is lower than that of gray paper, but the price is low. It is used in general middle and low grade books. As long as the scientific method is adopted in the process, the quality can be guaranteed.
3. Yellow cardboard
Yellow paperboard is a kind of paperboard with smoky brown color (same color as kraft paper) with smooth surface, hard texture and high toughness. It is often used for making shoes (making the bottom of the church) and making the box (the inner bones). When binding, it is mainly used for the production of outer envelopes and partial book covers of books. The outer envelope of the book made of yellow cardboard is durable and not easy to wear, and can protect books and improve the grade of books. Because of its high tightness and small thickness error, it is also beneficial to master the stamping pressure. The outer envelope of the book made of yellow cardboard has two main forms: one is to form a jacket directly by die-cutting with yellow cardboard, and the other is to make a layer of paper or fabric soft on the surface after making the envelope. Material, used to decorate the appearance of the envelope. The following points should be noted in the processing when using shells and envelopes.
(1) The yellow paperboard is hard and tough, and it is difficult to correct once the warpage is deformed. Therefore, after the shell is formed, a pressure or a stacking method is applied to give a certain pressure to prevent the book shell from being warped and deformed.
(2) The yellow cardboard has high hardness and is suitable for hot stamping and embossing, and it is firm and durable without deformation, but the hot stamping pressure is larger than other cardboard.
(3) When processing the finished product, it is necessary to make the tension of the seal larger than the tensile force of the seal, and prevent the outer pull force from being too large and the shell is not easy to level.
The width of the yellow cardboard is generally 1350mm × 920mm, 1120mm × 990mm, etc., and is packaged in a flat form, each piece weighing not more than 250kg.
Types and performance of paper jams
A paper jam is a type of paper having a thickness between paper and paperboard, and the basis weight is generally between 250 and 400 g/m 2 . There are two kinds of paper jams: one is a double-sided white card, and the other is a gray card (white surface, gray bottom).
Gray card
Gray-white card, also known as single-sided gray cardboard, consists of three layers: the surface is white, smooth and flat, and can be printed; the middle layer is a filler layer, the raw material is poor; the bottom layer is gray, rough. The gray card is soft, thin, crisp and resistant to folding, and the bottom layer is highly hygroscopic. It is often used in various packaging boxes. After compounding, it can be used as a stamp album, CD cover and so on.
This material is mainly used for the processing of soft book cases, loopers, soft book covers, medium-diameter cardboard, book back jams, etc. Gray card should be used to note the following points when binding.
(1) When making a soft shell, a suitable binder should be selected according to the material to be adhered to prevent sticking or deforming.
(2) When used for flat-locking sticky book back jam, soak it in hot water for about 10 hours before use, so that the paper jam is soaked and soft before use. It is best to add a small amount of animal bone in the soaking water to prevent cutting. When the hair is out of the line).
(3) When making the live bushing, the bottom surface should be glued to the ring lining. Because the bottom surface is rough and the penetrating power is strong, it is easy to bond the paper. The surface layer is exposed to facilitate the processing of the book block and the book cover. .
(4) When used for bookcase medium-diameter cardboard, it should be noted that it is limited to round-back bookcases, and is not suitable for square back false ridges.
(5) When the gray card is used for compounding, attention should be paid to the selection of the binder and the correct application of the glue coating process to ensure that the composite is uniform and firm without leaving the layer.
2. White card (double-sided white)
The white card is higher than the gray card. The white card is composed of three layers: the surface layer and the bottom layer are white, smooth and flat, and can be double-sided printed; the middle layer is a filler layer, and the raw materials are poor. The white card is hard, thin and sturdy, and has a wide range of uses, such as various high-end packaging boxes, cigarette cases, cups, children's books, and so on. The white card for binding is mainly used for soft cover, flat cover, manual, hard lining, etc.
Storage and storage of cardboard
The correct storage and storage of cardboard (including cardboard) is one of the important factors to ensure the quality of the booklet.
Storage condition
The cardboard should be stored in a well-ventilated warehouse or workshop, and the temperature and humidity should be appropriate. The cardboard should not be damp, so as to avoid deformation or aging separation; it should not be placed in the open air, because the cardboard itself needs to maintain reasonable moisture inside. If the cardboard is exposed to the sun for a long time, heating and baking, etc., the normal water will evaporate and the fiber will become brittle. The strength is lowered, causing the surface to warp and causing unnecessary loss.
2. Storage method
The purchased cardboard should first understand the date of production, the factory time is short and made by cold pressing method, it can not be used immediately, and it should be stored for a period of time. Because the newly purchased paperboard generally has high toughness and poor flexibility, after reasonable storage for a period of time, the toughness of the paperboard can be reduced, the flexibility is increased, and the flat clothes are neat and easy to process.
The storage time of the cardboard is generally 3 to 6 months. If the storage time of the cardboard exceeds 1 year, the storage should be carried out once to balance the water content of the upper and lower layers of the cardboard pile. When storing, you should also pay attention to stack the cardboard on the paper table, and avoid direct contact with the ground.