Design and Teaching Countermeasures of Printing Professional Laboratory in Vocational Colleges
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Printing engineering is a discipline that emphasizes practical operation. Especially in vocational education, vocational colleges have built simulation laboratories to produce printing laboratories and strengthen simulation production training to improve students' practical hands-on ability. However, for the time being, the investment and design of the printing labs in most printing vocational colleges in China are often out of touch with the actual capacity of the institutions and the teaching practice, and it is often difficult to play the role of the printing laboratory.
1. Misunderstandings in the design and teaching of printing labs in vocational colleges
① Copy and study the design printing laboratory of the University of Advanced Printing. At present, the professional colleges and universities are multi-effect imitation research-type printing universities, and the printing experimental teaching equipment purchased has the tendency of idleness and waste. If some vocational colleges allocate a large proportion of funds to purchase paper testing equipment: paper tension meter, smoothness meter, uniformity meter, absorption meter, whiteness meter, etc.; ink testing equipment: printing suitability instrument , ink emulsifier, ink viscosity meter, ink viscosity meter, ink fineness meter, etc.; printing detection equipment: transmission density meter, reflection density meter, spectrophotometer and so on. These equipments are only used in research-type printing research institutes or printing materials manufacturers, and they are not used in actual production of printing enterprises. Students learn basically "white learning." Vocational colleges focus on cultivating applied and skilled printing technology talents. Moreover, vocational college students have limited time at school and limited ability to accept, which greatly affects the improvement of students' job skills.
From another point of view, printing and testing equipment is usually very expensive. To meet the construction requirements of a standard research university printing experiment center, it needs at least RMB 30,000 to RMB 4 million. The printing and art of Haixi University of Technology is published. The Design Institute's Modern Publishing and Printing Experimental Teaching Center has invested more than 4,000 yuan, with a construction area of more than 5,600 m 2 and more than 1,800 pieces of experimental equipment. Ordinary vocational colleges generally cannot afford such high capital investment.
② Copy and print the printing workshop of the printing company. Many professional colleges and universities print the printing workshops of the printing companies to design the printing laboratory, which is not in line with the actual teaching of printing in vocational colleges. For example, many printing companies often match four-color offset printing machines. Many printing colleges also believe that the basic colors of printing are C, M, Y, and K. It is a matter of course to purchase four-color offset printing presses. The price of the four-color offset printing press based on superior performance is around RMB 1 million. In order to save costs, four-color offset printing presses are purchased, but the price is still around RMB 500,000. The number of expensive equipment is inevitable. Restricted, which led to the inability to provide sufficient internship positions. Some institutions adopt the strategy of purchasing second-hand printing equipment or miscellaneous four-color printing presses, but these equipments operate frequently and affect the teaching plan process. Some colleges and universities purchase micro-printing machines (even monochromatic machines) to teach. For example, the printing engineering major of Hangzhou University of Electronic Science and Technology uses Weihai Bintian six-color monochrome offset printing machine. Due to the omission of the micro-printer structure design, This is not conducive to the improvement of students' hands-on ability.
From another point of view, even if some colleges have the ability to purchase many sets of four-color offset presses, because of their large area, dangerous operation process, noisy workshop environment, etc., a printing machine must match at least one Training teachers. Calculated by a class of 5 6 people, grouping 8 people to operate a printing machine requires 7 internship instructors, which is a problem for the introduction and investment of school printing teachers.
③ Apply a common teaching method to design a printing experiment course. At present, printing professional colleges generally apply the general teaching mode to design printing experiment courses, which is in conflict with the actual process of printing process, which is not conducive to the arrangement and design of printing experiment courses. We are familiar with the ordinary courses, teaching time as a unit of time, the process must have a lot of time interruption, and the printing process itself can not have too many interruptions, otherwise the process can not be carried out. In addition, the printing machine has a complicated operation process and a large number of procedures, which usually takes a long time. In particular, it is necessary to combine the teaching normative explanation. Coherent explanation and operation of a relatively small operation may take half a day, or even a day, obviously The task can not be completed in the teaching mode of the general course. Many teachers have no choice but to adopt "fast food" teaching, and the quality cannot be guaranteed.
2. The strategy of design and teaching of printing labs in vocational colleges
① Select the appropriate printing equipment according to the principles of printing process and practicality. For example, in the direction of lithography, many colleges and universities currently choose four-color four-color offset printing machines. In fact, the four-color two-color printing machine has already achieved the teaching purpose, and the two-color printing machine has achieved the effect of four-color color printing once. So why not buy a monochrome printer? Monochrome printing can be printed four times to achieve the effect of four-color printing. It is difficult and time-consuming, and it is difficult for students to master. It is not conducive to the arrangement and design of teaching courses. There are several advantages to purchasing a four-color two-color machine: about half the cost of purchasing, you can purchase two presses and increase the number of experiments; the two-color press is simple and easy to operate compared to the four-color press, winning time for teaching , convenient teaching arrangements. From the teaching purpose of the printing experiment, it is not necessary to overprint the four colors every time. The practice of practicing the two-color printing machine many times has achieved the purpose of improving the students' operating skills.
② Design a special printing laboratory according to the printing process and teaching practice. The printing process is roughly divided into three parts: pre-printing design and production, printing operation and post-press processing. Three independent laboratories were designed with the theme of these three parts, and each laboratory matched the corresponding team of experimental training teachers. If there are 51 students in a class, they can be divided into three groups, each group of 17 students, assigned to different laboratories for group cycle experiment training. This arrangement not only improves the utilization rate of equipment, but also greatly reduces the financial pressure on the school to invest in teaching equipment. The investment required by each laboratory is only one-third of the original; Management and design, each student can get full care and more opportunities for hands-on operation; each laboratory matches the form of the special teacher, which can free the teacher from the complicated printing process teaching, and carry out the special research. The repeated repetitive team experiment training is conducive to the professionalization of teaching and is conducive to improving the quality of teaching.
③ Integrate professional teacher resources, unified design and arrange printing experiment training courses. Due to the particularity of the printing process, the combination of practical theory and practice of experiment or training is very close, and vocational colleges are oriented to improve students' hands-on ability. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate theoretical teachers with experimental teachers. Prepare lessons together, and design and coordinate student practice courses. Before each experiment or training, sufficient teachers should be matched according to the number of students and the purpose of teaching. It is recommended that they are no longer divided into theoretical teachers and experimental teachers. All teachers should be responsible for the theoretical and practical guidance tasks. After the teacher teaches certain theoretical courses to give students a certain professional foundation, the teacher personally leads the team to conduct experiments or training on the corresponding project topics to achieve the continuity of teaching. In addition, all the teachers involved in the experimental training should be familiar with the whole process during the preparation stage, work together to complete a high-quality printing work, and discuss the details and key steps in the teaching, which is beneficial to teaching. The independence of the teacher in charge of the link can prevent the disconnection of the experimental training content of the entire team process and ensure the coordination and smooth progress of the teaching process.
3. The reflection of the design and teaching of the printing laboratory in vocational colleges should be considered from an ideal perspective. The space for the design of the general printing laboratory and the equipment to be purchased should be as consistent as possible with the production conditions of the enterprise, which is also said to be simulation, which is fast for students. It is helpful to adapt to future work. However, from the above analysis, it is known that due to the large number of classes in the general printing vocational colleges, the small number of teachers, and the particularity of the printing process, the design of the laboratory must not only take into account the characteristics of the school teaching, but also must consider the high price of printing equipment. problem.
At present, many experts or scholars in the printing education field have proposed to solve the above problems by vigorously carrying out school-enterprise cooperation, but school-enterprise cooperation will also face some difficulties. First of all, enterprises are mainly engaged in production tasks, and it is difficult to pay attention to the teaching of students. Moreover, the quality of the workers' masters is uneven, the workshop machinery is loud and loud, and it is difficult to rely solely on the enterprises. Secondly, the enterprises are unstable, and there are scales. It is not an easy task for companies with strength and teaching ability. Especially in the central and western regions, there is a lack of high-quality large and medium-sized printing enterprises. If the students in the central and western regions are transported to the factory in the developed areas of the east, College students are younger, have lower quality, and have poor self-control ability. Obviously, this is faced with multiple difficulties in distance, cost, management and security.
Since the difficulties faced by school-enterprise cooperation are large, it is possible to consider establishing a regional printing education and research resource sharing center to allow the printing of relevant vocational colleges in the region to rotate to this center for pre-job experimental or practical training. This will not only integrate the hardware resources of the region, but also optimize the resources of teachers. The teachers can select outstanding experts and teachers in the region, and can also hire experts and scholars from outside the region and even abroad to teach. However, the construction of this center requires an investment of about RMB 5 million, which requires the efforts of regional local governments and relevant education departments.
The application of computer or multimedia technology to printing experiment training is the future of printing education. Although some printing colleges in China currently use the form of video recording to produce P P T for teaching, this is not enough. We have seen that the current world's aerospace, navigation technology and other fields have been developed with relevant simulation operation software. The students have undergone simulated animation operations before the official operation. The software has high sound and picture simulation, and the actual tool shape and reality. There is basically no difference in equipment. Through a period of training, the adaptation period for trainees is greatly shortened. Similarly, we can also consider designing a series of print learning software. Due to the wide variety of printing doors, there are letterpress, gravure, lithographic, screen and various special printing, and various process technologies and mechanical operations are complex, involving acoustics, optics, electricity, informatics, color science, imaging and physics. Chemistry, etc. It is very difficult to design such a printing professional learning software. It is suggested that China will be organized by the local government or the education department through national orientation, and collect excellent works from the whole society in the form of grand prizes or tenders.