Current status of RFID development and production of RFID using printing technology
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Summary
Recently, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) radio frequency identification system technology is attracting attention. Many software and hardware developers are investing in it. RFID applications now face many problems and bottlenecks in production technology. Some of the bottlenecks in RFID production can be solved by means of printing, such as the use of printing technology to produce RFID antennas, and even the development of printed wafers, which can bring many developments and opportunities to the printing industry.
Chapter One
Foreword
An innovative technology will predict how much convenience and efficiency will be brought about in the development planning stage, giving everyone a grand vision, but it is impossible for new technologies to fully introduce actual applications overnight. It is through the use of a lot of manpower and material resources to slowly introduce into the existing process, modify, integrate, and combine existing methods to be applied in practical applications, such as RFID (radio frequency identification system) is actually applied in logistics, In terms of management, in recent years, many domestic and foreign manufacturers, government agencies, and enterprises have promoted the application of RFID systems. For example, WalMart, the largest retailer in the United States, has decided to request upstream in January 2005. Top 100 suppliers, adding RFID to the supply of goods, fully using RFID at the end of 2006, and domestic RFID applications, such as pet identification, animal-implanted animal identification chips, and travel cards used by the MRT (smart card) ), the non-contact access cards used by many companies, etc., can see the actual application of RFID in life, so you can understand the demand side and application of RFID. Face is getting bigger and bigger, but at the current stage of RFID, whether it is technical production, practical application promotion, system integration, etc., there are still many bottlenecks, resistance needs to be produced by various layers of RFID, system vendors to overcome of.
Chapter 2 What is RFID?
The full text of RFID is "Radio Frequency Identification", literally translated into Chinese is "radio frequency identification system", there are many other names like "wireless IC tag", "radio frequency identification tag technology", "electronic tag", "induction" Cards "...etc." is a technology that enables non-contact data access via radio waves and combines Information Technology with Wireless Communication (Huang Qifang, 2004), in the database system behind the link, form a large and connected system.
A complete RFID system includes a reader (Reader, Transceiver), a sensor (Transponder, RF Tag) or a chip (Chip), an antenna (Antenna), a software system integration (middleware system, SI), a hardware, With the software part, the sensor or RFID tag can be divided into:
Passive tag (Passive Tag): It does not spontaneously send data waves, and the reader generates a wave to generate signals. RFID The antenna of the tag receives the induced current from the magnetic field, and then sends the information stored in the chip to the reader for reading.
ActiveTag: In addition to the chip and antenna, the tag has a battery-supported signal, which can continuously send data signals to the reader (Reader). Accepted (Klaus Finkenzelle, 2003).
Features
Application range
RFID is a kind of label that can read the above data without contact, so the scope of application is very wide, and the scope of common general applications can be imported into RFID:
Access control: personnel access control, control and personnel management.
Recycling assets: management of recyclable containers such as pallets, containers, trolleys, and cages.
Cargo management: baggage identification, inventory, logistics and transportation management for air transportation.
Material Handling: Material inventory and material control system of the factory.
Waste treatment: garbage collection and disposal, waste control system.
Medical applications: hospital medical record systems, hazardous or regulated biochemical management.
Transportation: The toll collection system for expressways.
Anti-theft applications: anti-theft management in supermarkets, anti-theft management in libraries or bookstores.
Animal monitoring: animal husbandry management, pet identification, and tracking of wildlife ecology.
Automatic control: assembly and production of automobiles, home appliances and electronics.
Joint ticket: Combine multi-purpose smart stored value cards and bonus points cards. (Institute of Information Technology Engineering, 2004)
Some of the functions mentioned above can be done by traditional barcodes. RFID is more convenient and fast to use, and some are like long-distance reading applications like transportation. There is no way for traditional barcodes to be used. Local, nowadays, the actual application of RFID in Taiwan, the most used now is the leisure card used by Taipei MRT Corporation and the bus in Taipei Metropolitan Area (issued by Taipei Smart Card Ticket Company). The access control card used by many enterprises is in school. The application has already established RFID systems in the Nanhu National Primary School in Beibei City, Zhongzheng Guoxiao in Beibei, and the Xinzhuang Elementary School in Beixian County, Beixian County, allowing students to use RFID to control the entry and exit of schools and trends. Parents can use the mobile phone newsletter to grasp the children's movements (2004/09/28, Economic Daily), or the production industry, with the car manufacturer Yulong Nissan, and cooperate with ITRI to promote the application of RFID in the whole life cycle of the car. The first comprehensive plan to expand RFID in car reception processes, maintenance dynamics, vehicle management (2004/06/30, self-contained evening paper)
System standard for RFID
The standards for RFID tag coding are now several standards around the world. The main criteria are as follows:
ISO Standard: Promoted by the International Standards Organization (ISO), which is currently used in the industry:
1.ISO 14443A /B (ISO SC17/WG8): Proximity coupling smart
Cards) standards. This standard sets the function and operating standard of a short-distance contactless smart card with a reading distance of 7-15 cm, using a frequency of 13.56 MHz, and now the fare of the mass transit (you-you card) Cards are all in this category.
2.ISO 15693 (ISO SC17/WG8): Vicinity coupling smart
Cards standard, this standard can set up a reading distance of up to one meter non-contact smart card, the frequency of use is 13.56MHz, the design is simple, the cost of production reader is lower than ISO14443, mostly used for access control, attendance assessment Etc., many of the access cards used by many companies now use this type of standard.
3. ISO 18000 series: This series of standards is mainly used in the goods management category. Mainly in the management of logistics supply chain, the reading distance is long and the frequency used is between 860?930MHz and even higher frequency. For example, the ISO18000-3 uses the frequency of 13.56MHz, and the ISO 18000-6 uses the super high. UHF-Ultra High Frequency.
At present, the RFID chips developed by the ITRI System Center are developed using ISO standards, and are used by manufacturers in the United States, Japan, and Europe. In 2004, ITRI also launched the first super Taiwan Bay based on the ISO18000-6 standard. High-frequency RFID chips (Chen Xiumei, 2004, 2004/11/09 Economic Daily).
EPC (Electronic Product Code) standard:
Promoted by EPCglobal Inc., EPCglobal is a non-profit organization co-organized by EAN (International International Bar Code) and UCC (Certified Code Committee), with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Cambridge (The University of Cambridge, the University of Adelaide, Keio University, Fudan University, China, and the University of St. Gallen, mainly in the world The promotion of EPC standards by member organizations that combine the original barcodes. EPC is mainly to promote the unique coding of each product. Like the ID number of the person, the user can use the EPC-encoded ONS (Object Name Service) to allow the goods of the RFID tag made by EPC to be circulated. Nearly 100 manufacturers have joined the company. Walmart, one of the largest retailers in the United States, is one of the members of EPCglobal. Among the private enterprises in Taiwan, the Taiwan printing industry is actively engaged in the research and development of RFID. Yongfengyu is also one of the EPCglobal Asian members (2004/11/ 29 Economic Daily), Taiwan's Acer announced in September 2004 the introduction of EPCglobal's RFID data exchange standard service, providing international ONS services, and can understand the promotion of EPC in the world. In June 2004, EPCglobal was officially announced. The world's first RFID standard, which has a common standard for RFID tag data usage in different RFID companies around the world, the five different classes set by the EPC Tag are:
1.Class0: Read Only, simple passive, only provides simple passive, only provides a read-only label at the factory to make a number. The label is written to a set of unalterable numbers at the factory to provide a simple service identification.
2.Class1: Write Once, simple passive, read-only label for one-time writing Wal-Mart requires the supplier to attach the EPCClass1 label to the supplied warehouse in January 2005.
3.Class2: Repeat read/write (Read/Write), passive tag with repeatable read and write function
4.Class3: semi-passive tag with built-in sensor, repeated read and write function, and additional sensor: can detect temperature, humidity, movement change recorded in the RFID tag, built-in battery to increase the reading distance.
5.Class4:: belongs to the antenna, is a semi-passive tag, can actively communicate with other tags, but is still in development. (EPCglobalTaiwan, RFiD.org.hk)
Generally, the frequency of use of RFID affects the distance that RFID reads. Different frequencies have different characteristics and applications depending on the transmission distance.