Brief description of the components of modern printing presses
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Modern printing presses generally consist of plates, ink, embossing, paper feeding and other mechanisms. At work, it first prints the text and image to be printed on the printing machine, and then applies the ink to the place where the text and image are printed on the printing plate by manual or printing machine, and then directly or indirectly Print on paper or other substrate to duplicate the same print as the plate.
The printing press is divided into a letterpress, lithographic, gravure and stencil printing machine according to the printing plate form; it is divided into flat flat, round flat and round press printing presses according to the plate loading and embossing structure.
The letterpress printing machine is the oldest printing machine, and the graphic part of the surface of the printing plate is convex, and the blank portion is concave. When the machine is working, the rubber roller coated with the ink rolls over the surface of the printing plate, and the raised image portion is coated with a uniform ink layer, while the concave blank portion is not stained with ink. The pressure mechanism transfers the ink to the surface of the print to obtain a clear print that replicates the desired print. Shenzhen Printing Shenzhen Printing Factory Shenzhen Printing Company
The letterpress printing machine mainly has three types: flat flat, round flat and round pressed. Flat-press flat letter printing press is also called flat press. The plate and the embossing mechanism of the printing plate are flat. When working, the printing plate is in full contact with the embossing plate, and the total pressure of the machine is relatively large at one time, and the relative embossing time is longer. The printing press requires the printing plate and the imprinting plate to be flat and the printing surface is not large; the circular flattening letterpress printing machine is also called a platform printing machine, and the plate plate of the printing plate is a flat shape, and the printing mechanism is a circular roller. . When the machine is working, the plate reciprocating motion, the printing speed is limited, so the output is not high; the round-pressed letterpress printing machine is also called the rotary printing machine, and the plate and the printing mechanism of the printing plate are both circular rollers. When the machine is in operation, the impression cylinder moves with the print and contacts the plate cylinder. The impression cylinder and the plate cylinder continuously rotate at a high speed, so the productivity is high.
The graphic portion of the lithographic printing plate surface is almost in the same plane as the blank portion. It utilizes the principle of water and oil repelling, so that the graphic part is resistant to water and oil, and the blank part is resistant to oil and hydrophilic without sticking ink, and the ink of the inked part is transferred to the surface of the printed matter under pressure to complete the printing process.
After the indirect printing method, the lithographic printing machine has developed rapidly and has many varieties, such as office micro-offset printing machines, large-scale, multi-color, high-speed newspapers and magazines offset printing machines for flat sheets or webs. Single-sided or double-sided lithographic printing presses. Among them, monochrome offset presses and web offset presses are representative. The lithographic printing machine has widely used electronic computer control devices, and the technology is becoming more and more advanced. Plate-making equipment has also been developed to use electronic color separation machines, and pre-coated photosensitive plates are widely used.
The main feature of the gravure printing machine is that the graphic part on the printing plate is concave and the blank part is convex, which is opposite to the layout structure of the letterpress printing machine. When the machine is printing a single color, the plate is first immersed in the ink tank to roll, and the entire surface of the printing plate is coated with the ink layer. Then, the ink layer on the surface of the printing plate which is a blank portion is scraped off, the convex portion forms a blank, and the concave portion fills the ink, and the deeper the recess, the thicker the ink layer. The machine transfers the ink of the recessed portion to the printed matter by pressure to obtain a printed matter.
When printing multi-color, the overprint method or the indirect partial ink application method is adopted, so that the inks of various colors are distributed on the relevant parts of the surface of the printing plate according to the needs, and the basic printing principle of printing multi-color is the same as the printing monochrome. There are two main types of printing plates used in gravure printing machines, one is gravure, which is a photocopying plate; the other is an engraving plate. The engravings are engraved by hand, mechanical and electronic engraving.
Screen printing machine is a representative printing equipment in stencil printing machine. Its printing plate is a criss-crossing, warp-latched screen made of silk and other materials. A variety of screen printing machines, such as planes, curved surfaces, forming, printing and dyeing, printed circuits and new types of rotation, have been produced. Among them, the new rotary screen printing machine has a relatively high speed and productivity. It is characterized in that the screen is mounted on the drum and the ink is poured into the drum. The drum rotates while the machine is working, and the squeegee prints the pattern quickly onto the print.
In addition to the silk material, nylon wire, copper wire, steel wire or stainless steel wire can be used. The principle of stencil printing for screen printer applications originated from ancient stencil printing. The stencil printing has various forms such as stenciling, stenciling and screen printing.
Screen printing was originally hand-operated, with only one shelf, one screen and one stencil. In the 1950s, screen printing was mechanized and automated. The drum screen printing machine has a large amount of ink when printing. It is suitable for printing thick ink prints. It can be printed on various paper, glass, wood, metal, ceramic, plastic or cloth. It can be used in a variety of inks, including conductive. Metallic ink.
Modern printing machinery is moving further toward high speed, high efficiency and high quality. Large-scale, multi-color, multi-functional, as well as automated, linked, and serialized models and models are also increasing.
For example, on the basis of the original main type, the unit of the same type can be combined to make single-sided and monochrome printing into single-sided and multi-color printing, and double-sided and monochrome printing can be changed to single-sided and two-color printing. Printing; combining different types of units, can be recombined into various joint printing machines such as offset, gravure and embossing as needed.