Art paper printing precautions
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The particularity of the papermaking process makes art paper have many special features in paper structure and performance, which leads to many special features in the printing process.
1. Ink absorption
All kinds of art paper have a great absorption span of ink. For example, coaster paper is very easy to absorb ink, and Leni paper is easy to absorb ink, while transparent paper is difficult to absorb ink. The ink absorption of the art paper used is directly related to the quality of the print and the required delivery time. For paper with poor ink absorption, a drier can be appropriately added to the ink or cured by ultraviolet light to avoid the phenomenon of back surface sticking and imprinting powdering due to excessive drying of the ink. Of course, the structure of the paper has a great influence on the ink absorbing property. Some papers are looser in texture, inks can easily penetrate and dry, while others are very tightly textured, and the ink floats on the surface of the paper, making it difficult to penetrate into the paper and less likely to dry. Art papers with different ink absorbing properties can usually be controlled by adjusting the printing pressure and processing the ink, and if necessary, a certain amount of trial printing can be performed first (the number is determined as needed).
2. Smoothness
Due to the different papermaking processes, some art papers are relatively loose and have a low degree of smoothness; some have a relatively tight paper and a high degree of smoothness. There are also papers in the art paper with relief effects (such as embossed paper) and strip lines (such as bamboo paper). When encountering such papers, it is generally recommended to print less or even not, and use the natural floating pattern of the paper to perform some simple partial processing, such as embossing, UV glazing, hot stamping, etc., thereby basically retaining the characteristics of the base paper. And make full use of these qualities to achieve the desired decorative effect. Of course, if printing is needed, it is very necessary to regulate the printing pressure to make specific analysis of specific problems. For example, when printing looser art paper, the printing pressure should not be too large, otherwise it will destroy the obvious characteristics of the art paper shading and deform the paper. On the other hand, if it is an art paper with a relatively tight print quality, the printing pressure should be appropriately increased.
Printing and decorating effect of special paper
With the improvement of people's living standards, the variety of papers has become more and more, special papers have emerged, and are widely used in various graphic designs, especially the design of high-end albums and book covers, which are deeply loved by the masses. The special paper has the characteristics of compressibility, foldability, ease of processing, and easy molding, which is not achieved by other packaging materials, and is also a major advantage of it as a paper printing material.
Paper texture
There are many types of specialty papers, and the performance of print design is also very different. Designers must understand and master the characteristics and performance of different specialty papers in order to make better use of their advantages and design a variety of different styles of simple and elegant, luxurious and festive, modern and simple.
Special paper has a certain strength, light weight, surface irregularities, texture, smoothness, luster and other different types, its color is diverse, and its appearance is beautiful. In particular, paper materials made from plant fibers are environmentally friendly and recyclable, making them the material of choice for green packaging.
1. Texture
The texture is the skin of the object and the styling factor associated with any object. The rough or smooth surface of the object is a texture, and it must be perceived by sight and touch. Texture does not refer to form or color, it is a modeling factor that requires special feeling.
Texture can be divided into two categories: one is the tactile texture that can be touched by the hand, and the other is the visual texture that can be perceived through the visual.
(1) Tactile texture
The tactile texture is extremely direct. As long as you touch it, the blind can feel it, but after being photographed, it loses the directness of the touch and perception.
In recent years, in order to make people feel the tactile fun of their surface, paper and other packaging materials often use a variety of special paper materials with different textures, such as embossed paper, dip net paper, etc., which are dizzying. Offset paper, coated paper and specialty paper have obvious differences in touch texture, so their artistic expression is also different.
(2) visual texture
We watch TV every day. The TV tube is made of glass and is smooth. But the texture that people feel on the TV screen is the visual quality that is awakened by the sense of touch, rather than the true sense of texture.
Paper is a flat material, which can be used to make people feel the visual texture of the material, such as stripes, shades, etc. are designed to take advantage of people's visual texture.
2. Application of texture in print design
In the recent paintings and print designs, the texture has become more and more important, and the production of the texture and the texture itself have become commonplace. The effect of printing on a rough textured paper can further enhance the texture, and even a small pattern printed on Mammes Phillips paper having a fine uneven effect has a good visual texture effect. In print design, the use of rough and textured paper is a very important texture design.
Paper texture
1. texture - the texture of the surface of the object
Any object has a different surface, and different materials have different texture textures. This texture is called texture.
The texture of the surface of the object is naturally formed, and some are obtained through manufacturing. The various materials used in printing, such as metal, plastic, ceramics, glass, paper, specialty paper, etc., belong to the latter. The texture is different, the texture is different, there are hard and soft, concave and convex, thick and thin, sparse and dense, deep and shallow. The staggered arrangement of the plant fibers of the paper, the dense glittering of the metal material, and the stretchable smoothness and wrinkle-free of the plastic surface all constitute different texture effects.
2. Visual texture and tactile texture
The texture is divided into visual texture and tactile texture. Visual texture is a texture that is perceived by the eyes, such as streaks on the screen, unevenness of the pattern, etc., but all are two-dimensional plane texture. Tactile texture is generally obtained by processing such as pressing, die cutting, engraving, etc. It is a three-dimensional texture that can be felt by hand. More and more designers in graphic design use the texture and texture of special paper to design many outstanding works.
Specialty papers have better texture and texture than plain paper, providing inexhaustible materials for both design and macroscopic.
Application of special paper in printing design
There are many kinds of special papers, and the design effects are not the same. This article only introduces the application of several common special papers.
1. Plant parchment paper (sulfuric acid paper)
Plant parchment is a kind of denatured processed paper which is treated with sulfuric acid by treating thick paper made from plant fibers and changing its original properties. It is translucent, the paper has few pores, the paper is tough and compact, and it can be waxed, coated, embossed or wrinkled. Its appearance is easily confused with tracing paper.
Because it is translucent paper, sulfuric acid paper is often used as a ring or backing paper for books in modern design, which can better highlight and highlight the theme, and conform to the modern trend. Sometimes used as a title page for books or albums.
2. Synthetic paper (polymer paper and plastic paper)
Synthetic paper is made of synthetic resin (such as PP, PE, PS, etc.) as the main raw material. After a certain process, the resin is melted, extruded into a film, and then subjected to paper treatment to impart whiteness to the natural plant fiber. Materials obtained from opacity and printability. Generally, synthetic papers are divided into two categories: one is fiber synthetic paper, and the other is film-based synthetic paper.
Synthetic paper is no different in appearance from general natural plant fiber paper. Film-based synthetic paper has entered the market of high-grade printing paper and can adapt to a variety of printing machines. Synthetic paper currently used on the market refers only to film-based synthetic paper. If books, advertisements, brochures, etc. printed on synthetic paper are not indicated, the average consumer does not see any difference between it and plain paper.
Synthetic paper has excellent printing performance, and does not cause "breaking" phenomenon during printing; the surface of synthetic paper exhibits extremely small unevenness, which is very helpful for improving opacity and printability; synthetic paper image reproduction is good, The dots are clear, the color tone is soft, the size is stable, and it is not easy to age. The printing effect of synthetic paper is shown in Figure 3. It is worth noting that when using offset printing, professional synthetic paper offset inks should be used.
3. Embossed paper
(1) Characteristics of embossed paper
A concave-convex pattern is formed on the surface of the paper or cardboard by mechanical embossing or wrinkling. The embossed paper is embossed to enhance its decorative effect and make the paper more textured. In recent years, embossing on the surface of printing paper has become more and more common. Color-dyed paper such as offset paper, coated paper, white paper, and white cardboard has been embossed (printed) before printing, and can be greatly used as "embossed printing paper". Increasing the grade of paper also brings higher added value to the sale of paper. Many papers used for flexible packaging often use embossing before or after printing to improve the visual effect of packaging and decoration and increase the value of the product. Therefore, embossing has become an important method of paper processing.
(2) Processing method of embossed paper
There are two ways to process embossed paper. After the production of paper, the pattern is mechanically added to become embossed paper; the second is the flat sheet of raw paper, which is then placed in an embossing machine for further processing, and then pressed by two rollers, one of which is engraved There is an embossed pattern, and the paper will be imprinted as a pattern after passing through it. Since the texture of the embossed paper is deep, it is usually only one side of the paper.
(3) Embossed type
Embossing can be divided into two types: plate embossing and non-plate embossing. The so-called plate embossing is to press the printed flower shape into a concave-convex shape to make the pattern bulge, which can play the role of beautiful decoration.
Without the embossing of the plate, the pressed pattern is not directly related to the pattern of the print. There are many types of embossed patterns. Such as cloth, diagonal cloth, straight stripes, yalian net, orange skin, straight net, needle net, egg skin, sack pattern, plaid, leather, scalp, linen, gear stripes and so on. This overprint embossing is widely used in embossed printing paper, coated cover paper, patent leather, plastic synthetic paper, plant parchment and other decorative materials.
Most of the domestic embossed paper is pressed from offset paper and whiteboard paper. The surface is rough, textured, expressive and varied. Many art designers prefer to use this type of paper, and use this to make a cover or title page of a book or album to express different personalities.
4. Pattern paper
Designers and printers are constantly looking for ingenious design styles to make their work stand out. Many times, the pattern paper can make them icing on the cake. These high-quality paper products are soft to the touch, beautiful in appearance, and the finished products are more noble and pleasing. There are many varieties of pattern papers, each with its own characteristics, which is higher than ordinary paper. Pattern paper can be divided into the following types:
(1) Dip net paper
Dip netting is the most traditional and commonly used method of making paper texture. This process is generally inserted into the papermaking process. The wet paper is placed between two absorbent soft flannel sheets, and the line texture of the flannel is printed on the paper. This process is divided into single or double-sided prints. The line patterns of copying paper such as Gangu stripe paper are looming and soft, and some imported dip nets contain cotton, so the texture is softer and more natural and tough, suitable for packaging and printing.
(2) Antique effect paper
Many customers and graphic designers have a special liking for high-quality, plain non-coated papers, and they love the warm and rich feeling of this type of paper. In addition, book publishers also require more durable paper, and hope that the paper is crisp and firm, ensuring consistent and consistent printing. The products designed with antique effect paper are simple, beautiful and elegant. As shown in Figure 7.
(3) Doping and special effect paper
The trend of environmental protection is very popular, and spotted paper comes into being. In order to achieve the effect of natural regeneration, pulp is added with various kinds of debris. The composition and size of the doped substance should be properly controlled. If the number of paper spots is too much, the effect of the graphic will be destroyed. Too little will give the person a sticky feeling. Nowadays, there are a variety of doped papers available for users to choose from. Some environmentally-friendly recycled papers contain minerals, snow, petals and other impurities. The papermaking technique involves adding dye to the sizing process to form spots or create a parchment effect. This kind of paper is very popular among consumers, and it is the first choice for various certificates, book covers and restaurant recipes and wine list. Due to the special effect of the paper appearance, designers often use simple papers and preferred papers for boring and odorless document printing, such as the various financial statements of the listed company's annual report, which can make the layout active and attract attention.
(4) Non-coated pattern paper
Both printers and designers have consistently promoted non-coated papers that are aesthetically pleasing and feel good. In order to achieve a beautiful visual effect, the prints have a high-end and gorgeous feel. The natural texture of the non-coated copying paper and the printability of the coated paper are both eclectic. The two sides of the paper are specially treated to reduce the water absorption of the paper, so that the ink remains on the surface of the paper, so that the texture of the ink is better. The metal pearl finish series paper can be changed according to the viewing angle of the human eye, and the effect after printing is better.
(5) Gangu paper
The Gangou brand of specialty paper, created in 1888, originally used the CONQUEROR London Castle watermark, and was not changed to the Cavaliers plus English watermark until the early 1990s. This distinctive watermark is world-famous and has become the symbol and code of high-quality commercial, writing and printing paper. It has been sold to more than 80 countries and regions around the world and is popular among hotels, banks, enterprises and even government agencies. The ancient paper is divided into aristocratic, slippery, grain, concept, digital and other major categories.
(6) "Condensed" pearlescent pattern paper
The hue of the paper can produce different color sensations depending on the viewing angle. Its luster is formed by the diffusing of light to the surface of the paper, with a "flashing silver" effect, so printing a pattern with metallic qualities will be excellent. It is suitable for making all kinds of high-end exquisite and modern fashion prints. The cover of a high-end book or the bookcase of a hardcover book.
The paper surface is smooth and smooth, suitable for all kinds of printing processes and processing methods, such as four-color offset printing, rolling and hot stamping.
It is recommended to use an oxidized conjunctiva drying ink. The gloss of the ink may not be as good as the gloss of the paper itself.
(7) "Star mining" metal pattern paper
Metal “Star” pattern paper is an art paper that breaks through the traditional and new concept. It not only maintains the classic and aesthetic inherent in high-grade paper, but also has the creative metallic color of the front and back sides. It is luxurious and not tacky, steady and not unassuming, which makes it show the strong temperament that is different from ordinary art paper.
Due to the new technology, the metal “Xingcai” has its metal characteristics never fall off, and the paper surface is smooth and smooth, which adds infinite force to the printing effect. It is suitable for all kinds of printing technology and special technology, especially the hot stamping process. which performed. It is recommended that the screen be printed at 130 to 150 lines/inch when printing. The ink should be weighted when printed on dark metal pattern paper.
Metal “Stars” can produce a variety of high-end prints, such as paper used for product samples, annual reports and book covers, and for various boxes.
(8) Gold paper
Gold paper has a qualitative difference from traditional gold foil. Traditional gold foil can only be printed by means of transparent material, and can not be directly colored. Using 24K gold as the material, the gold paper developed by nano-high technology can not only print the color image directly on the gold, but also retain the elegance and performance of gold. It has the characteristics of anti-oxidation, anti-tarnish, moisture-proof and anti-mite. It avoids the shortcomings of traditional paper books, such as mildew and insects, and can theoretically be stored for 10,000 years. The gold paper used in "China Prosperity" is a newly developed new generation product with higher technological content and cultural content. Its appearance is more similar to ancient rice paper and newspapers, especially its flame retardancy has made a major breakthrough for the first time. The 20 gold editions of the text are printed in four colors in the "Economic Daily" format, with a total of nearly 160,000 words, 300 characters, scenery and other gold-plated pictures. The amount of gold paper and the size of the album are unprecedented, which is unprecedented in the history of gold printing.
In addition, in addition to different paper types, specialty papers are also dyed in a variety of different colors, and the decorative effect is very strong. Specialty papers have many advantages, but specialty papers also have deficiencies.
First, the price is more expensive. Ordinary embossed paper is much more expensive than the same amount of similar paper. Therefore, large-volume embossed papers can not be accepted by customers because of price factors, so they are generally only used for the design and printing of covers or important materials.
Second, most specialty papers have good absorbency and strong penetrability, but because of the uneven texture, the ink penetrates into the gap during printing, especially in large-area solid plates, which are difficult to dry and easy to stick. When printing four-color overprinted characters, the tone is rather dull. Consumers who do not like soft tones do not understand why the color printed on special paper is not bright enough. When printing on special paper, it is necessary to communicate the problem of printing effect with customers, so as to avoid unnecessary losses.
Third, when printing on colored special paper, it should be noted that the surface of dark special paper cannot be printed in four colors. Only inks with metallic luster or special colors, such as gold, silver, spot colors, etc., can be printed.
For example, if a four-color mesh image is printed on the surface of a light-colored special paper such as light beige, light green, light blue, or light pink, a color cast phenomenon may occur, and in general, the tone will be biased toward the surface of the paper. Therefore, it is best not to use a colored paper to print the mesh image. However, if you can correctly use the works of different styles and different colors of special paper, there will be unexpected special effects, which will add to your work and add a lot of color.
Fourth, the use of various post-press processing methods on the surface of specialty papers also produces different styles. Such as hot stamping on the surface of special paper and embossing, etc., are very good.
Conclusion
There are many kinds of special papers, which are the collective names of various special-purpose papers or art papers. Now, the sellers refer to art papers such as embossed papers as special papers, mainly to simplify the confusion caused by the variety. Designers and printers should pay special attention to the selection. Sometimes the varieties are different. The difference in price is very large. Whether it is plain paper or special paper, the surface has different textures. People are smooth and rough. The delicate and white feelings are different. We can make different choices according to the surface properties of the substrates, and design the works that conform to the trend, individuality and different styles to show the theme of the design so that the printed products have Practicality and aesthetics.