What is printing
In terms of literal meaning, there are traces of imprints and brushings. Rub it with a brush to leave marks on other objects. In short, printing is the industry that produces prints. Print production is similar to that of a seal. First engrave the seal (edition), then make the seal (print) imprinted with ink, and then transfer the ink on the seal (plate) to the printing materials such as paper, corrugated, leather, etc.
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The invention of printing has greatly changed this aspect. People's accumulated experience can be written into texts and copied and disseminated in large quantities. This is a huge change in the cultural landscape of society, which has enabled more people to read books. opportunity.
The history of the invention of printing has been recognized throughout the world, but when it comes to the history of the invention of printing, there are many issues that need to be discussed. In many books in the West, the historical starting point of printing is often printed in the type of lead-type printing in Gu Tuobao. This is actually to cover up the printing history of more than 800 years before this. In some books of our country, when we talk about the four major inventions in ancient China, the movable type printing, papermaking, gunpowder, and compass were juxtaposed, which is also not practical. Because the invention of movable type was only the second milestone after the invention of printing, it ignored the country's engraved printing. Among the Western historians, there are also objective and rigorous scholars who can, with a great deal of information, confirm that printing is one of the great inventions of ancient China.
As early as the 4th century BC (Warring States Period), there were already seals. The seals of the Pre-Qin and Qin and Han were used as seal items, and the seals were placed on top of closed mud to prevent private demolition. The official seal was also a symbol of power. At that time, it was a concave inscribed text. After the 1st century (two Han dynasties), it was gradually carved into a raised Yang Wen. After the paper was changed to paper, the closed mud lost its usefulness. Changed to the use of the Zhu Sejiu cover, the popularity of the Yang Wen seal is even wider. The seal created the method of obtaining written text from the anti-engraved text. The role of the seal of Yang Wen provided a copying technique for obtaining the written text from the written text of Yang Wen. The area of the seal was originally very small and could only contain words such as name or title. Taoists in the 4th century AD (Eastern Jin Dynasty) expanded the area of the seal to accommodate longer spells. There were 120 characters spells. It can be seen that the essay could have been copied by stamping. .
Printing and printing
According to the printing plate type, it can be divided into four types: letterpress printing, lithographic printing, intaglio printing, and stencil printing.
If you carefully observe and compare with a magnifying lens with a large magnification, the appearance of the printed matter can be roughly determined by what kind of printing it belongs to.
Any line printed on the ink has piled up phenomenon, that is, gravure or concave steel plate printed matter, because the gravure ink and printing system piled up in the deeper groove, the ink is also thicker.
All the screens are covered with bleak white lines, and dark areas with deep ink and light inks are ordinary gravure prints. Because of this, there is a white line with a multitude of subtle textures. This is a process of adding a drying line to the plate to prevent the scraper from scraping the ink inside the groove.
The center part of the line or dot is rich in ink, and its edges are less full, and there is no pile-up phenomenon, that is, plain printed matter. The printed and non-printed parts of the printing plate are all flat and the edges are eroded by water. At present, color prints in various countries use lithographic printing.
Any printed paper with a slight impression on the back of the printed document, with a full line on the edge of the line or dot, and a lighter shade of ink than on the center, is a relief print, which is subject to pressure on the edge of the raised print. Heavier, crowded physical appearance.
All the screens are covered with grain lines, which are like the cement walls of the stonewashers. The darker inks are darker and the lighter inks are lighter. The crepe pattern is the difference in the amount of light received by the plate glue during plate making, and it shrinks after developing and rinsing. It resembles the valley formed in the orogeny, and it also bears the ink.
Others such as cans, curved surfaces and general circuit boards, etc. are printed with a multi-hole version.