Talking about the process of typesetting
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The movable type is a printing plate composed of lead type and various typesetting materials. The typesetting process of the movable type is:
Word model → casting → picking words → loading version → proofing → proofreading → revision → movable type
(1) Modeling
The font is a cast mold made of copper or other metal, usually a concave character.
There are three methods for manufacturing fonts: stamping font modeling, electroplating font modeling, and engraving font modeling.
1. Stamping font method
First, a convex steel word (also called a stamping master) is engraved, and it is pressed on the copper billet to form a concave font.
The stamping die is durable and easy to process, but it can only produce simple strokes and is suitable for foreign letters.
2. Plating font method
First, a thick layer of copper is plated on the hand-engraved type by electroplating, then the copper layer is peeled off, lead or zinc is cast from the back, and then sawn into small pieces, which are embedded in the copper blank, and then made. Font.
Electroplating fonts, cheap, simple equipment, but long processing time, low service life.
3. Engraving
The pre-processed copper blank is fixed on the font engraving machine with a fixture, and the drawing principle is used to draw the characters on the already prepared word template according to the stroke of the word. Since the drawing head and the engraving knife are synchronized, When the word template is finished with a word, the word is engraved on the copper blank.
The carving pattern, precise word mark, high quality, durable and fast speed are the most commonly used methods for making word patterns.
(2) Casting
The process of making a lead alloy into a movable type by a typewriter using a typewriter is called a cast word.
The lead alloy for casting is made by melting lead, tin, and three low-melting metals in a certain ratio. The ratio of the three metals can be appropriately selected according to the size of the word and the type of the printing machine. The specific process of adjusting the casting is to install a font (mold of the mold surface) and a word box on the casting machine. Then, the lead ingot is placed in the molten lead pan of the casting machine, and the other is hot-melted (the general temperature is about 350 ° C), and the casting can be started.
The cast typeface is discharged into the fixed dial on the shelf for sorting. The usual casting is to supplement the missing characters of the dial for the main purpose.
Casting machine, in addition to casting movable characters, can also cast other typesetting materials, lace, lead and so on.
(3) Picking and loading
1. Pick word
According to the manuscript and layout design requirements, the process of arranging the movable type into a top (the semi-finished product of the length of the line) is called picking.
There are about 3,000 Chinese characters commonly used in China, and about 7,000 Chinese characters are not commonly used. The various types of live type are arranged in the dial according to the radicals of the Kangxi Dictionary. The dials are placed on the shelves. Each font and each font has a pay word. When picking the words, pick out the required words and punctuation marks from the rack, put them in the hand tray, pick them up with two lead strips, put them in the wooden tray, and pick up a certain number of lines. The rope is tight.
2. Loading plate
Also called imposition or group version. According to the manuscript and layout design requirements, Chinese characters, foreign languages, formulas, tables, illustrations, etc. will be formed into a movable type of certain specifications.
The type of the movable type is divided according to the form of the layout. There are two major categories: the newspaper version and the book version.
(4) Proofreading and revision
1. Proof proofing
The installed type of movable type should be placed on the proofing machine to proof, and then according to the original and layout design requirements, check and mark the typesetting error on the proof, this process is called proofing proofreading.
Proficiency in the identification and use of proofreading symbols is one of the basic skills of typesetting staff. The proofreading symbols currently used are in line with the professional standards of the People's Republic of China, Proofreading Symbols and Their Usage, promulgated in December 1981.