Talking about Digital Image (6)——Video Production
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Introduction
The term Video usually refers to programs broadcast on television. The video production is called video production, the film production is called film production, the computer animation is called computer animation (described in the previous issue), and the computer game is called video game. The four are different, but there is a common point, that is, there is an activity picture. Video production does not necessarily use tape, but it can also be used on disk, memory or other media, but not film. There are four television broadcasters in Hong Kong - Television Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (TVB), Asia Television, Cable TV and Satellite TV. They make video productions every day (planning, filming and post-recording), and then arrange the microwaves according to the program. , satellite, cable or fiber optic transmission programs to the public.
Video production development
After several hard investigations of the Internet, I finally found a piece of historical development information on film and video production. The film certainly developed earlier than the video, the former occurred in 1877, when American photographer Edward Warybridge took a series of actions of horses running through twenty-four cameras in a time-sharing period; the latter occurred in about 1927, when A Scottish inventor, John Baird, successfully recorded the event on the disc (see the website provided at the end of this article). A few years later, the United Kingdom and the United States invented television broadcasting, and video production technology is also improving. Color TV broadcasting began in the 1970s, and the development of video technology in Japan has been quite successful. Today, many video products are invented and manufactured by Japan.
Broadcast production usually uses a camera with three CCDs to record red, green, and blue color marks, and each CCD can hold 6 MHz of data, so a color picture has 24 MHz information. Because the broadcast bandwidth is only 6MHZ, the TV station must compress and make it. At present, image compression technology is divided into three categories (1)—Wavelets, (2) Fractals, and (3) DCT. DCT is the most commonly used video compression technology today. JPEG (such as digital photos), MPEG (such as VCD, DVD) and DV formats (such as DV, DVCAM, DVCPRO and Digital-S for commercial or home digital video products) are DCT compression technologies.
Note: In addition to VCD and DVD, MPEG is also used in satellite broadcasting, high resolution TV and digital TV broadcasting.
In the early days, the world was produced by analogy and broadcast programs. Since the 1990s, Europe and the United States have begun to adopt digital forms. Now, some Asian countries such as Japan and Taiwan also adopt digital methods. The Hong Kong Government has also proposed a digital TV broadcasting test two years later this year and hopes that it will be implemented in 2007.
Digital production Vs analogy
Digital broadcasting is promoted all over the world. Of course, it has more advantages than analog broadcasting. For details, please refer to the reference provided at the end of this article. This part only talks about the difference between digital production and analog production. Digital production basically uses digital equipment, while analog production uses class equipment. However, the two devices are sometimes mixed, for example, the format needs to be converted to meet the requirements of the guest or colleague. Video production can be divided into three stages - (1) pre-production, (2) shooting and (3) post-production. Pre-production may have software (scriptwriting Software) assists in writing scripts or making outlines, but this is not necessary; shooting requires professional camcorders, recording equipment, and some auxiliary equipment (such as photometers, lights, reflectors, etc.). To post-production, you need more and advanced equipment, a post-production room (Edit The basic facilities of Suite) are:
(1) Edit Controller - remote control other facilities
(2) Video Mixer - responsible for video editing
(3) Audio Mixer - responsible for recording
(4) Character Generator - responsible for subtitles
(5) Picture Box/Store - responsible for previewing, processing and storing pictures
(6) Monitors - display the status of each facility (7) Video Cassette Recorders - responsible for playing or copying videos
Regardless of analogy or digital production, these are the basic facilities of a post-production studio. Of course, it is easier and more efficient to work in digital form. Digital editing is divided into Linear Editing and Nonlinear Editing. The analog editing is only a linear editing. Non-linear editing (must be digital) means that the editing staff can increase or decrease the clip or data in any recording position without restriction, and the modified will not cancel the front or back data, or create a blank clip, unlike The analog editing system needs to be brought back to the ideal position for simultaneous modification, and the modification will also cover (ie, eliminate) the segment after the insertion point.
Professional or broadcast video production
Radio quality recordings can be produced using advanced professional equipment. The professional camcorder (pictured 2) not only has three high resolution CCDs, but also advanced high resolution lenses (HD Lens), coupled with high quality electronic organizations (such as DSP) and other accessories ( Such as high-quality recording system, then it will produce a high standard; otherwise the original is not beautiful, post-production is not helpful. Before uncompressed, the image should be 48MHZ or more, and the color depth is usually 30-bit or above; the recording is PCM. Digital Stereo 12-bit or above, there is such a requirement to go out of the street (that is, broadcast quality, English is known as online quality).