Starch-based plastic
Starch-based plastics use chemical reactions to chemically modify starch to reduce the hydroxyl groups of starch and change its original structure, thereby changing the corresponding properties of starch and turning raw starch into thermoplastic starch.
Chinese name Starch-based plastics Industry Industry Manufacturing Chemical Industry Application Field Plastic Manufacturing
table of Contents
1 R & D background
2 Process principle
3 Development status
4 Product advantages
5 Certification system
6 Application Prospects
R & D background editor
Starch is a natural polymer whose production is second only to cellulose on the earth. It is rich in sources, renewable, and inexpensive. It can be used to produce starch-based plastics through modification and plasticization. As an important category of bio-based materials, starch-based plastics have successfully achieved industrial production and application. Starch-based plastic is a kind of plastic product made from starch as the main raw material, blended with other polymers after modification and plasticization, and belongs to a type of bioplastic. Starch-based bioplastics can be divided into two categories: bio-based plastics and biodegradable plastics.
Starch-based biodegradable plastic is generally a blend of modified starch and biodegradable polyester (such as PLA / PBAT / PBS / PHA / PPC, etc.). It can be completely biodegradable, can be composted, has no pollution to the environment, and is suitable for waste. Compost, landfill and other treatment methods. Starch-based bio-based plastics are generally a mixture of modified starch and polyolefins (such as PP / PE / PS, etc.). Its environmental significance is that it can reduce the use of petrochemical resources, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and waste is suitable for incineration. Both of these materials can replace traditional petroleum-based plastics and are widely used in plastic packaging materials, shock-proof materials, plastic films and plastic bags, disposable tableware, food containers, toys, etc.
Process principle
Starch is a natural high-molecular polymer with a large number of hydroxyl groups in its molecule (molecular structure is Ⅱ and Ⅲ), so the strong interaction between starch macromolecules makes it difficult to melt process the original starch, and it is coexisting with other polymers. Compatibility with other polymers during blending is also poor. But these hydroxyls can
Enough to undergo esterification, etherification, grafting, crosslinking and other chemical reactions. These chemical reactions are used to chemically modify the starch to reduce the hydroxyl group of the starch and change its original structure, thereby changing the corresponding properties of the starch and turning the original starch into a thermoplastic starch.
1.Esterification, transesterification or etherification
In order to change the hydrophilicity of the starch to hydrophobic, the hydroxyl groups on the starch molecules and fatty acids, fatty acid esters, etc. undergo esterification and transesterification reactions to generate starch esters.
2. Cross-linking reaction
In order to improve the strength and heat resistance of the starch material, the starch is subjected to a crosslinking reaction with a compound having two or more functional groups (such as polyacids, etc.), so that the starch is appropriately crosslinked.
3. Blending, reforming and agglomeration independent innovation
Most starch plastics are prepared by blending starch with other high-molecular materials. The products obtained in this way have low strength and have limited compatibility because of poor compatibility. Starch-based plastics also undergo starch copolymerization during starch modification to obtain graft copolymers of starch and other polymers, thereby improving the compatibility of starch with other polymer materials. Through chemical modification, three starch modifications were achieved: hydrophilicity was changed to hydrophobicity; heat sensitivity was changed to temperature resistance; hard and brittleness was changed to plasticity. This modification solves the worldwide problem of starch modification and lays a good foundation for subsequent processing.
process status
Starch-based bioplastics have a 30-year history of research and development, and are the type of biodegradable plastic with the longest history of research and development, the most mature technology, the largest industrialization scale, and the highest market share. In the early 1980s, research and development of modified starch and degradable plastic alloy masterbatches that can be completely biodegradable or soluble plastics, and the blending of starch with biodegradable resins has attracted attention. Among them, the most successful is "MaterBi" of Italy Novamont Company, which is an interpenetrating network structure polymer plastic alloy composed of blend of modified starch and modified polyvinyl alcohol, which has good processability, secondary processability, and mechanics. Performance and excellent biodegradability. In addition, "Vinex" developed by American Air Product & Chemical Company is a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin with a low degree of polymerization. It also has water solubility, thermoplastic processability and biodegradability.
In recent years, countries have generally shifted their research focus to plastics that increase the starch content as much as possible, and have developed some completely degradable materials with excellent properties, and even obtained pure starch products without synthetic polymers, that is, thermoplastic starch. The "Novon" biodegradable material produced by the American Warner-Lambert company has a starch content of more than 90%; the Japanese corn company and the Michigan Institute of Production Technology have jointly developed a high starch content material, which has the advantage of strong water resistance In addition, Japan's Sumitomo Corporation and Italy's Ferrizz also announced that they have successfully studied all-starch plastics with a starch content of 90%. In terms of making starch into thermoplastic starch for the production of biodegradable plastics, research institutes such as the German Batekke Research Institute, the American Warner-Lambert Company, and the Swiss University have made great progress. The Australian National Food Processing and Packaging Science Centre has introduced a full starch thermoplastic that has good flowability, ductility, and mold release. The product is soft, transparent, high in strength, and has a controlled degradation rate. It can be used to produce agricultural films and food. Packaging film and other products.
China's starch plastic was first developed by the Institute of Applied Chemistry of the Jiangxi Academy of Sciences in the late 1980s. According to incomplete statistics, there are now more than 60 universities, research institutes and enterprises participating in research. China is gradually narrowing the gap with foreign developed countries in the research and development of starch-based plastics. At present, the main domestic starch-based materials and products manufacturing enterprises and their current status are as follows: Wuhan Huali 40,000 tons / year, is preparing to build a production line with an annual output of 60,000 tons; Shenzhen Hongcai 15,000 tons / year; Suzhou Hanfeng 10,000 tons / year; 10,000 tons / year for Tianhe in Zhejiang; 10,000 tons / year for Zhejiang Huafa; 10,000 tons / year for Shandong Bake; other production companies include Nanjing Biaoge and Changzhou Longjun.
Chemical methods are used to modify and plasticize starch. The modified starch has three characteristics: 1. Hydrophobicity. After chemical modification, the starch is completely hydrophobic, and the moisture content is <1%, and it has good compatibility with other synthetic polymer materials. 2. Temperature resistance. The modified starch can withstand high temperature of 230 ° C without yellowing and decomposition during the thermoplastic processing. 3. Thermoplastic. Modified starch can be thermoplastically processed on plastic processing equipment. The starch-based plastics produced by the company are divided into two series, bio-based and biodegradable. According to different processing technologies, they are divided into blown film, injection molding, sheet materials and foaming materials. They can replace ordinary petrochemical plastics and are widely used in industry, medicine, Food, electrical appliances and other products packaging and tableware, kitchenware, toys and flower planting. As a result, a large amount of petroleum resources are saved, carbon dioxide emissions are reduced, garbage is harmlessly treated, and it is beneficial to promote agricultural development and increase farmers' income, and promote the vigorous development of circular economy.
It was reported on July 12, 2018 that Yu Long successfully developed and industrialized the whole starch biodegradable material for the first time in the world. [1]
Product advantages
Compared with traditional plastic products, the advantages of starch-based materials and products are shown in the following aspects:
⑴Similar performance: It has the same and similar performance as similar traditional plastic products;
⑵Environmental protection: Starch-based bio-based plastics and products have the advantages of saving petroleum resources and reducing carbon dioxide emissions; Starch-based biodegradable plastics and products have the advantages of complete biodegradation, composting, and harmless disposal of waste;
⑶ Safety: Starch-based materials and products do not contain toxic and harmful substances such as plasticizers, bisphenol A, and heavy metals. Food-grade materials meet the requirements of domestic and foreign food-grade plastic standards;
⑷Production process: There are no three waste emissions during the production process, which will not cause new pollution to the environment;
⑸Cost: Starch-based bio-based plastic materials and products are the same as ordinary petroleum plastic products. The cost of starch-based fully biodegradable materials and products is about twice that of ordinary petroleum plastics.
Certification system editor
In recent years, the environmental performance of bio-based products has gradually been recognized at home and abroad, which has greatly expanded the application field of bio-based materials. The bio-carbon content of bio-based materials is an important feature different from ordinary plastics. Biocarbon content is defined as the percentage of biocarbon in organic carbon (including biocarbon and fossil carbon) in a product. Since biocarbon is new carbon, it does not cause pollution to the environment, so it has a good environmental protection effect. Biological carbon content testing standards include US ASTM D6866-08: Test method for the determination of the biological content of solid, liquid and gas samples by radiocarbon analysis and the liquid scintillation counter method for the determination of biological content in bio-based materials in China GB / T29649-2013. Because the same amount of radioactive carbon is contained in the living organisms of the same generation, the principle of ASTM D6866 is to measure the bio-based content of samples in any state by using this characteristic of the organism; this measurement method can determine any bio-based products and organisms. Based on the exact percentage of bio-based or renewable materials contained in the base mix.
In 2009, Vincotte, the Belgian authoritative certification body, issued the world ’s first OK Biobased star certification product certification certificate, which authoritatively certified the bio-carbon content of bio-based materials, and also provided reliable product quality for the bio-based materials market. Third-party reviews. OK-Biobased is an environmental label for bio-based low-carbon products in Belgium. After obtaining certification, bio-based plastic manufacturers can affix their labels to product packaging or products to distinguish ordinary petrochemical products. It defines bio-based materials based on the content of bio-carbon, and uses the percentage of bio-carbon content and total carbon content for evaluation. Its standard is ASTM D6866, which classifies materials into stars, and is the EU's authoritative bio-based material certification mark. The OK Biobased logo uses an asterisk to distinguish the environmental grade of the product. A certified product obtains a 1-star certification to prove that its product contains 20% to 40% biocarbon, 2 stars is 40% to 60%, 3 stars is 60% to 80%, and 4 stars is more than 80% product. Vincotte's OK Biobased certification aims to help companies or distributors improve the competitiveness of renewable products in the market and guide consumers to better choose environmentally friendly products.
To encourage the development of bio-based materials and products, the United States Department of Agriculture has implemented a biological priority program. The program has two procedures, a government procurement priority program and a voluntary labeling program for consumers. The former encouraged the development of bio-based products in 2002, while the latter was released in 2008. The purpose of the Bio Priority Program is to stimulate consumption of biomass products in the United States. Federal government agencies and their contractors give preference to products with the highest biomass content. If the product meets the minimum bio-based content standard of the USDA's bio-based product list, any factory and distributor can participate in this program, and the product packaging can be affixed with the certification mark issued by the agency.
The international biodegradable plastic certification includes Belgium OK Compost certification, Germany Compostable certification, and US BPI certification.
OK Compost is a compostable certification named "OK Compost" issued by the Belgian certification body AIB-Vincotte Group after testing according to the biodegradable material testing standard EN13432 or ASTM D6400. The purpose of OK Compost certification is to help companies or distributors improve the market competitiveness of fully degradable products and guide consumers to better choose environmentally friendly products.
Compostable certification is a certification of biodegradable products launched by DIN CERTCO, a joint certification agency of TUV Rheinland and Deutsches Institut fr Normun (DIN). The certification mark is the "seeding" mark. Compostable certification helps buyers to select products from strict quality, safety and environmental protection from many suppliers and manufacturers. At the same time, products with the Compostable logo indicate that they have successfully passed the tests and evaluations of authoritative third-party agencies, which helps to strengthen customer purchasing confidence and effectively promote product sales. Moreover, the relevant information of the licensee can be checked on the official website of DIN CERTCO to prevent abuse or forgery of the logo.
BPI is an abbreviation for BiodegradableProductsInsitute. BPI educates manufacturers, legislators, and consumers on scientific standards for degradable materials through an innovative compostable labeling scheme. At the same time through a series of procedures to ensure that the relevant products meet the requirements of degradable materials standards.
Wuhan Huali Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., the first Chinese company to obtain OK Biobased certification, has obtained four-star bio-based product certification. At the same time, the company's biodegradable materials have obtained OK Compost certification and Compostable certification.
Application foreground editor
With the gradual shift of consumers' preferences for plastic products, the popularity of renewable and environmentally friendly materials has been rising in the market. Affected by this, the demand for bio-based plastics market has increased. As governments attach importance to bioplastics, the total value of global demand for bioplastics is expected to increase to $ 5.9 billion in 2020, which is equivalent to an average annual growth rate of 20%.
Recently, the French parliament has passed laws on energy transition and green growth. In addition to reducing the share of nuclear energy in the French energy mix, the new law also contains legislative recommendations related to renewable energy and plastic packaging. For example, renewable energy sources will increase by 40% by 2030 and carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced by 40% by 2030; lightweight bags for packaging fruits and vegetables will have to be made of bio-based materials starting January 1, 2017; In addition, plastic packaging for commercial mail will be implemented at the same time with the same standards. The latest French government legislation requires that disposable tableware such as dishes, cups, forks and forks must be made of bio-based materials, not petroleum-based materials.
Market analysts at RnR Market Research have forecast that the global demand for bio-based plastics will increase at an annual growth rate of 19% in the next four years, and its market demand in 2017 will reach 950,000 tons. Europe is the world's largest consumer market for bio-based plastics. The use of bio-based plastics in the region accounted for more than half of the global total in 2012. The survey report shows that compared with traditional plastics, consumers in European countries are more inclined to choose new bio-based plastic products. Therefore, the region is expected to continue to lead the bio-based plastic consumption rankings. In terms of species, starch-based plastics and polylactic acid are still the most demanded bio-based plastics in the next few years, and their market consumption will account for more than 60% of the total. According to RnR Market Research, in recent years, various countries have issued plastic restriction orders and continuously increased the supervision of the use of traditional plastics, which is conducive to further boosting the demand trend of bio-based, especially starch-based plastics.
In 2013, the State Council issued the "Bio-industry Development Plan" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan").
We offer patented full biodegradable film and PVA bag, all products are made by casting equipment, It is different from traditional blow molding products, all blow molding products are non full biodegradable. We can produce pva films and bags in full transparent and various colors. and the PVA film is more smooth than the traditional blow molding products.
we also offer organic material full biodegradable film and bags with patented raw material and production Process.
For more PVA film and bags products please visit us:
http://www.joyful-printing.net/pva-bag/
http://www.joyful-printing.com/pva-bag/