Several special new inks
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In the field of printing, ink is the main material, which not only determines the quality of printed matter, but also marks important aspects of print innovation and features. With the continuous development of science and technology and the higher demand for printed products, researchers have continuously developed special inks for different printing fields. Here are some special inks with good development prospects.
1. Bio Ink
American scientists have long been working on a protein molecule called bacteriorhodopsin. Natural materials often demonstrate complex functions that are not readily available with materials such as semiconductors. The rhodopsin is found in a strong purple cell membrane grown on the body of the salt marsh called "Saline Halophilicus". Illuminating its protein can trigger a photochemical reaction loop. The principle is that the photochemical reaction ring carries protons along the channel surrounding the cell membrane. The purple color of this cell membrane is derived from the bacteriophage component called "retina". The amine acid in the cell membrane channel is firmly bound to the "retina". The "retina" in the dissolved state does not bind to the amine acid and is pale yellow.
By alternately irradiating two groups of lasers of different wavelengths onto the protein molecule, the protein molecule can be converted between the purple structure and the yellow structure. It is this habit that stimulates the research and utilization of the rhodopsin. It can be used as a photosensitive element in a simulated retina, as well as a storage element in a thiol processing device or a storage element in an optical computer. The film of the rhodopsin can also change its color according to the conversion of the external electric field. In the conventional bacteriorhodopsin, under the action of different electric fields, a color change from purple to blue is formed. However, the rhodopsin structure produced by a certain mutant will change from blue to pale yellow under the action of a strong electric field. This protein film is sandwiched between transparent plates combined with a large number of electrodes to form a display plate. By applying appropriate voltages to different parts of the film, one page of the document can be "written" or "placed" on the display panel.
Like the ink on the paper, the image on the Violet display can also be seen in normal light. The protein film also offers the advantage of high contrast. Moreover, the color transition time can be accelerated to 200 μm. At present, the main difficulty facing the entire development work is the need to use an electric field of hundreds of volts to stimulate the change of color. Researchers are working hard to conduct a purposeful study to achieve a breakthrough in coloring materials that are highly sensitive to external electric fields.
2. Electrostatic coloring ink
A material used in an electrostatic image forming technique such as electrophotography or electrostatic recording is called an electrostatic toner, and has a function of selectively adhering to an electrostatic latent image and performing physical development. In addition, there are also names such as electronic toner, electronic printing ink, developer, and the like.
Practically, it is divided into liquid toner ink (developer) and powder toner ink (developer) corresponding to liquid and solid. The general characteristics required for the coloring ink are: (1) high-speed, long-term use of quality stability; (2) image quality, especially intermediate tone reproducibility; and (3) color (multi-color) image reproducibility. For powder toning inks, liquid toning inks, and color toning inks, they all have their own required characteristics:
1. Powder toner
Usually, it is a fine particle powder in which a toner such as a pigment or a dye is mixed with a binder such as a resin and an auxiliary agent, and adheres to a surface of a carrier such as a glass ball or an iron powder, and is used in a charged state. The use of powder coloring inks, mainly electrostatic printing, indirect electrophotography, electrostatic recording, and electronic facsimile plate making and copying, has been widely noted, and new methods of manufacturing powder coloring inks are currently being studied:
(1) A mixture of various necessary components is mixed by a heating drum, a heating roll, and dissolution to form a uniform dispersion, and after cooling, the particles are pulverized. This is the most general method.
(2) A material obtained by mixing a solvent at a normal temperature is applied onto a flat plate to form a formed film, which is dried and solidified, and then pulverized by fine particles. Its disadvantage is that it is easy to leave solvents and is only suitable for small quantities.
(3) Spray-drying the mixed dispersion of the preceding paragraph.
(4) The polymerizable monomer is mixed with a coloring agent and other components, and is suspended and polymerized to be microparticulated.
(5) The solvent dispersion mixed with the item (2) is dissolved in a solvent, mixed, and introduced into a large amount of non-solvent which does not dissolve the respective components, and is precipitated as insoluble fine particles.
(6) The dispersion is mixed in a non-solvent in a dissolved state to be dispersed as spherical particles, and the original is cooled and solidified, followed by solid-liquid separation.
The powder toner ink thus obtained generally has the following properties as a main indicator for evaluating quality:
(1) Chargeability: charge, polarity, stability, etc.; (2) Graininess: particle shape, maximum (minimum) particle size, particle size distribution; (3) developability: density, paste, ghost, gloss (4) Fixability: melting temperature, solubility, adhesion strength; (5) image quality: resolution, contrast; (6) strength: fatigue phenomenon, powdering.
2. Liquid coloring ink
This is made by dispersing a toner such as a dye, a pigment, and the like, and a binder such as a resin and a charge control agent in a highly insulating liquid carrier, and is mainly used for electronic facsimile, and the surface having the electrostatic latent image is immersed in the toner. The dispersion is selectively dispersed in the excess liquid carrier-liquid developer or coated on the drum to selectively adhere the latent image to the latent image. Then, the excess developing ink is removed, and after the liquid carrier is evaporated, the image is fixed on the surface.
3 fragrance ink
Aroma ink is also an ink used in microcapsule printing. Its principle is to add various flavors of perfume to the microcapsule carrier and add it to the ink to form various flavor inks. The fragrance of the fragrance ink can be directly connected into the ink, printed by the letterpress and lithographic method, or can be made into microcapsules, then infiltrated into the ink and printed by screen.
The composition of the essence is very complicated, and the organic components contained therein are mostly volatile and chemically unstable substances, so it is inevitable to be lost or degraded during use and storage. In order to protect the fragrance from external environmental factors and prolong the release period, it is best to microencapsulate the fragrance, slowly oxidize after contact with air, continuously release the aroma and greatly prolong its fragrance retention period, and some fragrance microcapsules Only under the catalysis of environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation, oxygen circulation, heating, humidity change, etc., will react with each other to produce aroma substances, thus avoiding the ineffective escape of printed matter under normal circumstances. The fragrance microcapsules can be transferred to the exterior of the package by being formulated into inks, paints, and the like.
4. Inks with other special functions
(1) Thick film ink
Refers to inks and lacquers designed to print up to 200μm. It is highly advantageous to have a 100% solids UV ink. The ink in this field can be said to be the exclusive place for UV ink and lacquer. The application example of the product has a frame, emphasizes the local poster, and the other application is the function of setting the gap by the thickness of the ink film.
(2) Touch ink
It is a kind of ink with a satin luster that is lubricious to the hand and not easily scratched. Of course, it can also be made into a metallic feeling. It is designed as an ink with a stretchy elastic coating film. As an example of an adapted product, there are packaging, loose-leaf cover, decoration of home appliances, etc., and the use is quite extensive.
(3) Mirror-like ink
A metallic ink that can be printed as a mirror-like glossy print. Using a metal material that takes a lot of work on the shape, it is subtly oriented to the designed ink. For use, there are panels, simple mirrors, flower panels, and the like. Painting operations such as spraying and rolling are also under investigation.
(4) Anti-scratch lacquer
It is a dull, wrinkle-like lacquer that is not easily scratched, and has a good feel and feel, similar to the function of a touch ink. This anti-friction lacquer is particularly suitable for surface decoration related to nameplates, such as surface printing for the purpose of matt and wrinkle, which maintains considerable resistance and physical properties. And with its function of not being afraid of bumps, etc., it solves the problem of not requiring a protective layer to reduce costs. Depending on the application, solvent-based one-, two-, and UV-types can be divided. In terms of products, there are surface processing such as packaging and vehicle nameplates.
(5) Antibacterial ink
It can play a role in removing fines or inhibiting its growth. Whether it is solvent-based, UV-based or water-based, it can be imparted with antibacterial properties by means of blending technology of antibacterial raw materials and ink components. This has attracted the attention of relevant departments. It has been applied to the printing of most public goods such as antibacterial products, hospital equipment, appliances, and stationery.
(6) Sublimation ink
It refers to the phenomenon that after the solid is heated, it is directly vaporized without passing through the liquid, and is directly solidified after cooling. Such substances as dry ice, camphor, etc., many dyes also have sublimation properties, such as disperse dyes containing monoazo dyes (yellow to red), onion (cyan) dyes and so on. It has been applied to printing on cloth and plastic molded products.
(7) Tide-induced coagulation ink
After the ink is printed on the substrate, the resin binder in the ink is precipitated and precipitated by the action of water vapor to fix and dry the ink film. The binder is a maleic acid resin or a fumaric acid resin having a high acid value, and the solvent is a glycol. The ink has a fast drying speed and no odor, and is used for photosensitive resin plates and flexographic printing, and the ink film is resistant to waxing, and is therefore often used for food packaging printing.