Printing common sense
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Why do you want to talk about printing? If you are not proficient in the post-process and how to do the pre-process, this principle does not need to be said.
Four-color printing:
As long as the R+G+B three colors collide in proportion, it can generate more than tens of thousands of colors. Why do you want black? Yes, R.G.B can produce black when the ratio is equal, but three colors can produce one color. From an economic point of view, it does not work. In fact, the use of black in the design process is very much, which is why it is printed in four colors. Another point: the black generated by RGB is directly blended with ink. After the black is compared, the former has a sense of emptiness, while the latter feels more solid.
1. With the four-color principle, everyone is much easier to accept. It is equivalent to four films at the time of output, which is equivalent to cyan, magenta, yellow, black (C, M, Y, K) in the channels inside PHOTOSHOP. Channel. The modification of the channel when we process the image is actually a change to the film.
2.Mesh\Networks\Network Corner\Flat Network and Hanging Net. Nets: The number of dots placed per square inch, 175 mesh for common prints, 60 mesh to 100 mesh for newspapers, depending on paper quality Special printing has special mesh, depending on the texture.
Dot: Round, ellipse, diamond, square, diamond, FM, etc. The above picture is composed of circular dots.
Corner: The angle between the line formed by the closest connected dots and the horizontal line. The above picture is 45 degrees.
Flat net: The dots of the whole film are regularly distributed and the same size, like a plane, there is no layering. The above picture is flat.
Hanging net: the size of the dot is different, the mesh has a layered feel, as shown in the figure below, the angle is 60 degrees)
What should I do before outputting the film?
First, the format of the file
Most of the current output centers use the Founder Grid Century RIP (pspnt) output system, and HQ510, Israel's Sai Angel, Heidelberg and other photo-output systems. All support postscrit printer description files. This is the file with the suffix .ps.
Other common file formats that can be directly RIP output are: s2, s72, ps2 (Founder Edition), EPS, TIF, PDF, etc.
At present, the more commonly used design software: photoshop, pagemaker, coreldraw, illustrator, etc., can generate a PS file or PDF file through the postscrep virtual printer, and the s2 generated by some Founder software such as Founder Edition, Weiss, Feiteng, etc. , ps2, ps files, can also be directly output in Founder Century RIP, but other output systems do not support. Others have some word processing software like word, wps2000, etc., and can also generate ps files through the posts cript virtual printer. In fact, prepress output must be processed such as imposition, add-on quasi-regulation line, cutting line, etc., and word, wps2000 and other software can be said to be powerless in this respect, especially the color draft, once done, go to the later stage Processing will bring great difficulties. Therefore, try to use a series of professional design and layout software such as pagemaker.
Second, the format and accuracy of the picture.
Modern offset printing uses offset printing (four-color overprinting), which is to divide the color picture into four colors: blue (C), product (M), yellow (Y), black (B) four-color dot film, and then sun Into the PS version, after four printings through the offset press, it is a color printed product.
The picture for printing is different from the picture for normal computer display. The picture must be in CMYK mode, but not in RGB mode or other modes. When the output is converted to a dot, that is, the precision: dpi, the theoretical precision of the printing picture is 300dpi/pixel/inch. The beautiful pictures that we usually see on the computer usually feel very beautiful on the display. Most of them are 72dpi RGB mode pictures, most of which can't be used for printing. The pictures used cannot be displayed. Do not see the pictures as beautiful through acdsee or other software. After zooming in, they are also very beautiful. They can be used as printing. Be sure to open them in photoshop and confirm the real with the image size. Precision.
For example, if a picture resolution is 600*600dpi/pixel/inch, then its current size can be magnified by more than doubled. If the resolution is 300*300dpi, then it can only be reduced or enlarged, and can no longer be enlarged. If the image resolution is 72*72dpi/pixel/inch, then the size must be reduced (the dpi accuracy will be relatively large) until the resolution becomes 300*300dpi. (Use this function to set the "Redefine Pixels" item in the Photoshop Image Size option to None.)
Common image formats are: TIF, JPG, PCD, PSD, PCX, EPS, GIF, BMP, etc. When making a manuscript, TIF color, black and white bitmap, EPS vector or JPG=
Third, the color of the picture
For some technical terms such as overprinting, overprinting, hollowing out, and spot color on printing, you can refer to some related printing basics. Here are just some common sense that must be paid attention to.
1, hollowed out
The yellow base plate is pressed with a blue line, so the blue word must be empty on the yellow version of the film. The same is true for the blue version. Otherwise the blue thing is printed directly on the yellow, the color will change, and the original blue word turns green.
2, overprint
A red board has a black line on it, so on the red version of the film, the position of the black word should not be hollowed out. Because black can suppress any color, if the black content is hollowed out, especially some small characters, a slight error in printing will lead to the appearance of white edges, and the contrast between black and white is large and easy to see.
3, four-color black
This is also a more common problem. Before the output, you must check the black text in the publication file, especially the small characters, whether it is only on the blackboard, but not on the other three-color version. If it is, the quality of the printed product will be discounted. When the RGB graphics are converted to CMYK graphics, the black text will definitely become four-color black. Unless otherwise specified, it must be processed before the film can be output.
4, the picture is RGB mode
When the picture is output in RGB mode, the RIP system will automatically convert it to CMYK mode output. However, the color quality will be greatly reduced, and the printed products will be light in color, not bright, and the effect is very bad. The picture is best converted to CMYK mode in photoshop. If it is a scanned document, it must pass the color correction process before the picture can be used.
Fourth, the accuracy of the film hanging net.
The accuracy of hanging net is generally called hanging net. The higher the precision of hanging net, the more exquisite the printed product is, but it has a great relationship with paper and ink. If you print a picture with a high net on a general newsprint (newspaper), the picture will not only become more beautiful, but will become a mess (not terrible), so you must understand the printing of your print before exporting. What is the paper, and then determine the accuracy of the net. Common common paper and hanging mesh accuracy: imported coated paper or stickers, etc.: 175-200 line imported offset paper, etc.: 150-175 line ordinary offset paper, etc.: 133-150 line newsprint: 100-120 line, In this way, the worse the paper quality, the lower the hanging net and vice versa.
in conclusion
Before printing prepress, the issues that must be noted are:
1, the production of more commonly used design and production software, such as pagemaker, etc., like Word, try not to use.
2. The mode of the picture in the text must be CMYK mode with a minimum precision of 300*300dpi/pixel/inch.
3. Check if the text in the publication is a four-color word. If it is, change it to monochrome 100% black.
4. If you use pagemaker, Weiss, Founder Edition, and Illustrator, you must copy the linked image file and the original file.
5, photoshop file is best psd (uncombined layer) of the file, to facilitate modification.
6, the fonts try to use common fonts, such as Founder, Wending. Try not to use rare fonts. If used, coreldraw and Illustrator first convert the text to an outline, which avoids the problem that the output center cannot be output without such a font. If there is a supplementary word file, the supplementary word file must be copied together.
7. Clearly report the finished product size, printing volume, printing paper, etc. of the printed materials in the output center to facilitate imposition and hanging.
8. If the contents of the two pages are the same, but the black text is different (often encountered), then only the CMYK four colors of the first page and the K color of the second page can be output, so as to avoid waste and save money. If there are only two colors (such as red and black) and the printing requirements are not high, just output them in one color version at the same time, and do not need to be divided into two color outputs. Just deal with it when printing and plate making. Also save money.
Dot angle
Green: 15 degrees Red: 75 degrees Yellow: 90 degrees Black: 45 degrees
Generally, the dot arrangement of the net is neat, so there will be angles in the application. For example, when printing in monochrome, the angle of the cable is 45 degrees. This is the dot printed based on this angle, which is the most visually comfortable. And it is not easy to detect the existence of outlets, resulting in continuous gray tone effect. As for the two-color or two-color printing, it is necessary to pay attention to the angle combination of the two nets, otherwise it will produce unnecessary patterns, which is called "Moier". Usually, the angle between the two nets is 30 degrees, so there is no collision, so the general two-color printing, 45 degrees for the main color or dark color, 75 degrees for the light color, and 45 degrees, 75 degrees, 15 for the three colors. Degrees and other three angles, if it is four colors of color printing, red is 75 degrees, yellow 90 degrees, green 15 degrees and black 45 degrees. These angles are not limited and are changed according to different needs.
What is Posts cript?
Posts cript is a programming language designed to print graphics and text. It is independent of the printed media, whether you are printing on paper, film, or on-screen. It is a page description language similar to the HTML language.
Posts cript was introduced by Adobe in 1985 and first applied to Apple's LaserWriter printer. The main goal of Posts cript is to provide a language-independent language that can easily describe images. Device-independent means that an image cannot be described by the characteristics of any specific device (for example, the resolution of the printer), so this description can be used on other PostScript printers without any modification.
As a language, Posts cript has its own set of grammar and format rules. If you are interested in this, please visit A dobe's website [url]http://www.adobe.com/[/url] Adobe has a very comprehensive database.
Posts cript files are stored as text, similar to HTML files. You can see this by opening a PostSc ript file with WordPad, as shown in Figure 1. The Posts cript file itself only describes the features and parameters of the image to be displayed or printed in the Posts cript language. When displaying or printing the Posts cript file, it is interpreted and executed by the PostScript interpreter to print or display it. The desired image. Figure 2 is a display of the Posts cript file of Figure 1 in a Posts cript file reader. You can see that the Posts cript file has been interpreted to get a colored page.
PostScript files have many advantages over files in other formats, and the device-independent ones mentioned above are important. Posts cript files also have the advantage of being independent of the * system platform. Because many Unix graphics environments themselves support PostScript as part of the core, you can read and print PostScript files whether you are using Windows* or Unix*. More convenient. Since the PostScript file is stored as text, the file is small and suitable for transmission over the Internet. There is also the advantage of printing and displaying on Posts cript devices (printers, monitors) to achieve the best results.
There are several ways to generate Posts cript files:
(1) You can refer to the language format of Posts cript, and write a PostScript file directly with the text editor as needed. Of course, if the file is more complicated, the workload is not small, and you must be familiar with the PostScript syntax.
(2) You can use the special PostScript file editing software or the functions provided by some text and image editing software to generate PostScript files;
(3) The easiest way is to add a Posts cript printer (virtual) to your system, and then in the text editor or graphics editor, the image you need will pass the Posts cript printer. Print to another file, the resulting file is the Posts cript file you want!
Pre-press production output experience (let you get out of pre-press production)
• The font used in the file, confirm whether the output center is available, or you need to carry it.
• When storing graphics, check if the color mode is CMYK mode to avoid color deviation.
Check the link file before exporting, and change the link information if there are any changes.
• Images with a large amount of graphics are stored in EPS format. Do not include the halftone and Include... options in the storage options. If you place them in PageMaker, you should first crop and rotate them before placing them.
If the graphics are in TIFF format, delete unnecessary channels and paths before storage. It is not recommended to store them in LZW compression format.
The TIFF format with a large amount of graphics is placed in the PAGEMAKER layout file, which is prone to stretch deformation and should be stored in EPS or DCS format.
?C version of Pageaker 6.5C Chinese font download, easy to lose words, symbols to move, large characters with teeth. It is easy to lose the EPS format file inserted in PageMaker, please rotate it and put it into PageMaker software.
Do not use bold and underline effects for Chinese characters in ?ageMaker. If the PC enters the text and puts it into PageMaker, the space should be deleted, otherwise it will be garbled. The PC font has a version problem. After the replacement, it is easy to generate text and lose. Please prompt the output center at the time of output, the version number of the font used.
?ageMaker's trapping options should be used with caution, please watch the predictive effect.
• The fonts in CoreIDraw 8.0 cannot use Chinese fonts such as Song, Black, and Windows, and do not print the file information when printing.
? 46 versions of the Hanyi Wenfang four treasure output, the symbol will appear in front of the word.
?CORELDRA's PSD format image output speed is very slow, in some versions with a channel or rotation will cause image defects, should be converted to bitmap.
Do not use paragraph text in CORELDRAW, please turn it into art text, or turn it into a curve.
?CORELDRAW, you can use the shading, pattern attached to the software to fill the graph, or as a base map; please note: 1. Choose the appropriate precision, usually 1.5-2.0 times the number of output lines, if the accuracy is too low Influencing the accuracy of the graph, too high will affect the output speed. 2. The selected base map should pay attention to whether its attribute is CMYK mode. Generally, the underprint shading is RGB mode, which should be changed to four-color mode.
When using CORELDRAW, if you want to increase the speed (output), if the file is large, the number of graphics is more. It is better to combine several small versions of the basemap to reduce the amount of information in the file and increase the output speed. Note that the text should not be converted into a bitmap (especially a small word). If the text is converted to a bitmap, the accuracy of the text will be affected.
?ILLUSTRATOR, FREEHAND, white fill and lines, you need to check the OVERPRINT option in the property to avoid loss.
The spot color gradient in the ILLUSTRATOR file should be noted when the color separation is explained. Please prompt the output center.
If you use EPS DCS1.0 2.0 format or PS IMAGE format, please prompt the output center.
• Gradient processing is not ideal in desktop systems. It is best to add 3-4 noise points to the PHOTOSHOP filter during production.
Please note when using Founder WITS typesetting software: The following fonts in the WITS fonts can not be issued in the output center: coarse Song amber 2 super thick black medium round color cloud Han Jian Song four new newspaper Song Ping black thin gold body Yellow grass long day Japanese 1 Japanese 2 Japanese white body
• When outputting, please indicate whether the output center has a large area gradient of darker colors (red, yellow, black).
If you use vector graphics editing software such as CoreIDraw, Freehand, ILLUSTRATOR, etc., if the font is not processed by special effects, it is recommended to turn it into a curve or a path, so as to ensure that the font is safe. (Note: If you turn into a path or curve, it may be aliased on the screen, but it does not affect the output.)
Printing process
Prepress refers to the work in the early stage of printing, generally refers to photography, design, production, typesetting, filming, etc.;
The printing medium refers to the process of printing the finished product through the printing machine in the middle of the printing;
Post-pressing refers to the post-printing work, generally refers to the post-processing of printed matter, including cutting, laminating, die-cutting, paste bag, decoration, etc., which are mostly used for propaganda and packaging.
Printing element
Paper: There are many types of paper, which are generally divided into coated paper and non-coated paper. Coated paper generally refers to coated paper (light copper) and matte paper (matte copper), mostly used for color printing; uncoated paper generally refers to offset paper, newsprint, and is mostly used for printing on letter paper, envelopes and newspapers.
Color: General prints are embossed from yellow, magenta, cyan, and black, as well as printed spot colors.
Post-processing: Post-processing includes many processes, such as bronzing, lifting, etc., which helps to improve the quality of printed matter.
Print classification
Classified by the ultimate product
Office category: refers to office-related prints such as letter paper, envelopes, and office forms.
Propaganda category: refers to a series of prints related to corporate promotion or product promotion, such as posters, leaflets, product brochures.
Production category: refers to large quantities of printed matter directly related to the production of packaging boxes, self-adhesive labels, etc.
Classified by printing press
Offset printing: refers to lithographic printing, mostly used for printing on four-color paper.
Gravure printing: refers to printing with a gravure (generally referred to as steel plate), mostly for plastic printing.
Flexographic printing: refers to the use of flexible material plates (generally referred to as resin plates, etc.), mostly for self-adhesive printing.
Screen printing: It can be printed on various materials, and is often used for gift printing.
Classified by material
Paper printing: The most common printing.
Plastic printing: mostly used for printing bags.
Special materials: Printing refers to the printing of glass, metal, wood, etc.
Proper and reasonable selection and use of paper is of great importance in ensuring the quality of publications and reducing the cost of publications. As a material management company in the publishing and printing industry, it is necessary to pre-select the type and specifications of the required paper according to the publication plan of each department and quarter of the department, and accurately calculate the required amount of paper according to the publication plan. It is also necessary to coordinate and guide the printing staff to use paper reasonably in order to reduce paper consumption and improve economic efficiency.
(1) Selection of paper
The selection of paper includes several aspects such as selection of variety, specification and quality level. It is not only focused on one aspect but neglects other aspects.
When selecting a paper type, it is mainly selected according to the characteristics of the printed matter to be printed and the type of printing machine used. For color covers, illustrations or advertisement inserts in printed books, double-sided coated paper or double-adhesive paper can be used; single-sided printed products such as printed trademarks can be used with single-sided coated paper or single-adhesive paper; printing dictionaries, dictionaries, manuals, etc. The dictionary should use dictionary paper or thin relief paper; for general printing books, offset paper or letterpress printing paper can be used. It is also a general book for printing. If you want to use it on a rotary press, you need to use a roll paper (except for the platform printer). If you plan to print on a general platform, you need to use flat paper. If you want to print on the offset press, you should use offset printing paper. If printing on a letterpress press, it is sufficient to use letterpress paper.
There are many types of printed matter, and the type of paper used should be selected according to the specific characteristics of various printed materials.
Regarding the choice of paper specifications, it involves the opening of papers for books and magazines. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the paper opening method of general books and magazines and the common ones.
The paper produced by the paper production department according to the national standard is called full-open paper. A piece of full-open paper is cut or folded into a number of small sheets of equal area, called how many openings, bound into a book, that is, how many copies. The specifications of various editions have uniform standards throughout the country, so the books printed in all parts of the country are the same size.
Since the size of the paper of various specifications is not the same, although they are all cut into the same opening number, the size and specifications are different. After the book is booked, it is not clear how many copies are collectively called. China currently uses 787*1092 (mm) paper as the standard printing sheet, and uses it to print 32-open books, called 32-book. If a 32-inch book is printed on 850*1168 (mm) paper, because the paper format is larger than the standard printed sheet, it is necessary to crown a "big" character, which is called a large 32-page book.
The choice of the book is generally determined according to the nature of the book, the number of pages, the level of readers, the conditions of use, etc. There is no hard and fast rule. The books and periodicals are mostly cut in 2 geometric progressions, which makes it easy to fold the book into a book when binding. The more common ones are 16, 32, and 64. The most common ones are 32.
The geometric progression of the 2nd knives that start the lower knives in the length direction is also the basic opening method that is commonly used. According to the geometric progression of 2, it is also possible to start the lower knife in the width direction. This is called the transverse opening method.
The traverse method is rarely used, and only some covers, inserts, and special printed papers are used.
For the special needs of publishing, sometimes the deformed versions of non-geometric series are used, such as 12 open, 18 open, 20 open, 24 open, 28 open, 36 open, and the like. The deformed copy can't be folded by machine, and it is troublesome to open the material. It is easy to make mistakes when binding. It is easy to make mistakes. Therefore, books and magazines, especially those with more prints, are rarely used. The malformation method of non-geometric series has three opening methods, five opening methods, and seven opening methods.
With the same number of open and open printing books, the size and area of the book vary with the paper size. Therefore, pay attention to the paper specifications when selecting paper. Generally speaking, more authoritative literature or social celebrities often use large-size papers of 850*1168 (mm). Most general novels and other common books use 787*1092 (mm) standard size paper. There is also an internationally versatile specification of 880*1230 (mm), which has been officially listed in the national standard.
When selecting the specifications of the paper, in addition to paying attention to the size of the paper, choose the appropriate amount. Generally, in order to meet the printing and use requirements, you should try to choose a smaller amount of paper, which can reduce the cost of publications.
After selecting the type and specification of the paper used, the quality level of the paper must be carefully selected. In other words, you should be familiar with the characteristics and quality of various paper mills, and keep abreast of the changes.
After the selected paper grades, specifications, manufacturers and quality grades are determined, it is also important to note that in the publication printing process, it is best to use the products produced by one manufacturer during the same period to print the same book. Otherwise, because the color of the same variety of paper produced by different manufacturers in different periods often has a big difference, it will cause the printed book to have a "core" phenomenon.