Printing and movable type printing
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In recent years, in the individual TV programs and books that have been heard and heard, the printing of one of the four inventions has been replaced by “Live Printing”. It is not known that printing is not the same thing as the movable type printing, nor can it be replaced by movable type printing.
In short, printing is the process of copying text and images by printing. The Dictionary of Modern Science and Technology contains: "any method of transferring ink from the surface of a printing plate to paper (or other material) to copy images or text." That is to say, the printing technique is a large-scale reproduction of text and images by transferring ink (or ink) from the printing plate onto paper or other substrates. In general, to print, you must first make a plate, and different plates will have different reproduction effects, resulting in different printing methods. For example, the earliest invented engraving in China is to engrave images and text on a whole piece of wood to make plates printed according to the requirements of the layout; while the movable type printing is to pre-produce a single movable type, according to the layout. It is required to sort these single movable characters into a certain layout as a printing plate. It is not difficult to see that printing is a general term for various printing methods. Its connotation is the printing technique, that is, the process of copying ink and printing onto a substrate by printing plates, thereby copying text and images. The term "printing" does not specifically refer to a specific printing method. In contrast, various printing methods, such as engraving, movable type printing, lithography, stencil printing, gravure printing, and special printing, are all included in the printing process. With the development of human society and science and technology, new printing techniques will continue to emerge.
The time of inventing printing in China was about the beginning of the seventh century. The first invented printing was engraving. The movable type printing is invented by the immortal printing worker Bi Sheng in the period of the Northern Song Dynasty Renzong Qingli (1041~1048), which is mature and well-printed, and it is invented by time. The surgery was over 400 years later, and the printing technique invented by Bi Sheng was not widely used for various reasons. Until the end of the thirteenth century (the Daedian period of the Yuan Dynasty), the agronomist Wang Hao invented the wheel type and the wheel typesetting method, and used it to print the "Jude County", the movable type printing entered a practical stage. Moreover, about a thousand years after the invention of printing, China mainly used engraving printing. The ancient Chinese printing and printing industry, which is mainly based on engraving and printing, has always been in the leading position in the world, especially invented in the early seventeenth century.,, to this day, in the highly developed printing technology, the group of colorful printing gardens, still stand alone, for the world's attention.
The revolutionary mentor Marx called "the lever of human civilization" is the printing technique, and the rain fruit is called "the embryo of all revolutions" and it is also printing. American sinologist Carter studied the monograph of Chinese printing history, "The Invention of Chinese Printing and Its Western Biography" and Mr. Zhang Xiumin, the expert of Chinese printing history, and the authoritative printing history books of "The Invention and Influence of Chinese Printing". Printing is one of the four major inventions in China. Even the former British Prime Minister, Mrs. Chelsea, in her brief speech at the welcome banquet hosted by our leaders for her visit to China, also clearly pointed out that "China's invention of printing is essential to world civilization." It can be seen that it is not appropriate to say that "living type printing is one of the four major inventions in ancient China". The movable type printing is another great invention after the engraving printing. It was earlier than the German alloy Tengbao invented the lead alloy movable type printing for 400 years, and its invention "opened a new era in the history of printing."
In summary, printing is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. The earliest invention of printing in China is engraving. For the invention of engraving, the first method of "printing" should be seen. The type printing is also a kind of printing. It was invented in the eleventh century after the invention of printing. In the history of printing, it is another great invention after the invention of engraving and printing based on the experience of engraving and printing. It marks the development of printing into a new historical period.