Nanotechnology in paper applications
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Nanotechnology is a high-tech technology that was born and rapidly emerged in the late 1980s. Its basic meaning is to recognize and transform nature in the nanometer size (ie 0.1-100nm), by directly operating and arranging the laws and characteristics of atomic and molecular motion. The technical method of creating new substances. In the field of printing, the application of nano-materials is mainly based on nano-powders, and the application range includes nano-ink coatings, nano-papers, nano-alloy rolls, and nano-parts. The properties and applications of nanopapers that have been developed for use in printing and packaging are described below.
First, the role of nano-powder in paper manufacturing
In the field of printing, like ink coatings, the application of nano-powder materials on paper has also shown good results. We know that paper is the most commonly used material in printing and packaging, and its quality is the best embodiment of print quality. Because the fibers of trees, bamboo, hemp and other fibers used in traditional paper are relatively thick, and the particles of paints (such as calcium carbonate, etc.) and fillers (such as kaolin) are large, there are some properties such as rubber and other ingredients that are not good. The reason is that there are some defects in the traditional paper. For example, plain paper has the disadvantages of being afraid of water and fear of moisture. Although offset printing paper and electrostatic copying paper have functions such as waterproofing and moisture proof, writing is inconvenient, and some special properties cannot be obtained. Realization, etc., thus affecting the quality of printed matter. With the rapid development of nanomaterials in recent years, nanotechnology has become more and more widely used in the paper industry, and new achievements have emerged. Related to pulp and paper is nanochemistry and nanomaterials, which may make a new leap in the development of the paper industry, so that the quality of printed matter will be improved again.
According to the current technical level and the practical application of paper, wood fiber can only be processed to the level of micron (100-1000nm). Because the cell diameter of wood is relatively coarse, the nano-technology of wood can change the cell structure of wood and control the growth of cells. It is possible to change the characteristics of the wood. For most woods, when the fiber is processed to the micron level, the cells of the wood cells are completely broken, and the viscous liquid in the cell can easily flow out. After mechanical pulping, it is no longer necessary to chemically extract harmful liquids and separating fibers in the cell tube. If the wood is processed to the nanometer level, the original cell structure of the wood will be destroyed, the fiber structure changes, cellulose and semi-fiber The lignin and lignin can be separated mechanically during processing, which can greatly increase the pulping rate and reduce the environmental pollution of the pulp and paper industry.
In addition, in the rapid development of science and technology, people will have higher requirements on paper performance and quality. In addition to conventional printing and writing paper, the demand for paper with special functions is also increasing. Nanomaterials, as a special additive for the manufacture of special papers, are attracting more and more attention. At present, in the paper industry, nanomaterials are mainly used for the development of functional papers such as water, antibacterial, antistatic, anti-aging and flavoring, flame retardant, discoloration, etc., and some products have been available. The application of nanocomposites in the field of packaging and printing will completely change the face of packaging and printing, opening up a new path for packaging and printing.
Although nanomaterials and nanocomposites have good performance and wide application in the papermaking field, the research and development of nanomaterials is still not mature and perfect. There are still some problems that need further research and solution, such as crushing, agglomeration and dispersion. The technology is not ideal enough, and needs to be further improved. For the performance testing of nano-products, the product standards have yet to be further improved. However, it can be predicted that as the production cost of nanoparticles decreases and the variety of functional nanoparticles increases, nanotechnology will play a greater role in the printing field and the paper industry, bringing unlimited vitality and vitality to the printing and related industries.
Second, the nano paper currently produced and applied
1. Nano stone paper
It is known that straw pulp, wood pulp, bamboo pulp, hemp fiber, etc. are the most basic and common papermaking materials, but with the application of nano-high-tech in the papermaking field, new technologies for making paper using stone have been developed. The resulting paper is called nano-stone paper. It was first developed by Taiwan's Longmeng Technology Company, Mr. Liang Shihui, in early 2001 and started production at the end of the year. Nowadays, this nano-paper has started to be produced.
Shike Paper is made by coating nano-scale calcium carbonate onto a substrate. Due to the nature of the nanometer, any substance is coatable when it reaches the nanometer scale. Because the stone is rich in carbonic acid, it is the material of choice in practical use. The papermaking process of Shike Paper is strictly different from the traditional papermaking process. It requires closer to the plastics manufacturing process, the production equipment is more similar to the equipment for manufacturing plastics, and the process is not as complicated as traditional papermaking. An important difference between the two is that the production of Shike paper is not using pulp to make paper, so the entire process of objective existence does not require a drop of water. This is a revolutionary advance compared to the huge water consumption of traditional paper. In addition, the environmental requirements of the stone papermaking process are more stringent than the traditional ones. The requirements are very fine and clean. As long as there is a little impurity, it will affect the surface finish and smoothness of the paper. Although this kind of stone paper is currently produced only by color inkjet printing photographic paper, the paper of printing paper such as newsprint and coated paper has also been produced, so it is believed that with the deepening of research, other printing The large-scale production of stone paper is also not far off.
Compared with traditional similar products, this new color inkjet printing photographic paper (Shike Paper) has the following advantages: (1) due to the objective existence of wood fiber, but by nano-scale stone slurry coating onto the substrate The particle shape makes the surface of the paper consist of numerous holes, so the ink absorption is strong, the inkjet printing is not easily immersed, and it is waterproof. (2) The traditional wood pulp paper has fibers, which are easy to smudge ink, while the stone paper has no fiber and there is no halo phenomenon, so the inkjet printing has high definition. Inkjet printing photographic paper requires extremely high resolution, and all the stone papers have an accuracy of 2880 dpi, and the printing effect is particularly good. The surface of the stone paper is not coated, and the inorganic substances on the surface will not chemically react with the ink, thus avoiding the occurrence of color cast and discoloration. (3) Compared with the amount of ink used in conventional color inkjet printing paper, Shike paper is more ink-saving. Shike Paper's 720dpi precision is the same as the traditional 1440dpi precision. Under the same clarity requirements, Shike Paper can save half of the ink. (4) The raw materials used in Shike Paper are inorganic substances, do not react with the ink, do not react with the acid and alkali components in the air, do not change color and yellow, and are more suitable for preservation of valuable files. Traditional photographic paper has a shelf life requirement. It can't be used after two months of opening, and Shike Paper easily solves this problem. There is no problem that it will not be used when it is left for a long time. (5) Easy to recycle. After three months of exploding, Shike paper will be weathered into stone powder, which is conducive to environmental protection. (6) Low cost. Because the stone paper is made from cheap stone, it costs less. Compared with traditional color inkjet printing photographic paper, its cost is only 25%, and its price is only about 1/3, which fully enhances the competitiveness of its products. However, the current product specifications of Shike Paper are not complete, and they are mainly limited to the conventional small size range of A1, A2, A3, and A4. Large-format products are still blank, but with the development of technology, large-format products are produced. It should be no problem.
2. Antibacterial nano paper
Many organic antibacterial agents have the disadvantages of poor heat resistance, volatility, easy decomposition and harmful substances, and poor safety performance. To this end, people actively develop research and development of inorganic antibacterial agents, and the use of ultra-fine technology to produce sub-micron and nano-scale inorganic antibacterial agents, can well solve the shortcomings of organic antibacterial agents. The nanoscale inorganic antimicrobial series includes elements, oxides and a variety of compounds. By mixing the nano inorganic antibacterial agent into the papermaking slurry and the surface sizing solution, the antibacterial industrialization of the paper can be achieved, such as physical antibacterial composite fiber non-woven fabric, medical food wrapping paper, and high-grade household paper. Inorganic antibacterial agents mainly include silver, copper, zinc, sulfur, arsenic and their ionic elements. Photocatalytic antibacterial agents include nano-sized titanium oxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxide, etc., which can kill and eliminate bacteria and residues, so that the traditional antibacterial agent can only kill the bacteria itself. At the same time, the toxins secreted by the bacteria can be decomposed, and the traditional antibacterial agents cannot eliminate bacterial residues and toxins. MOD series nano-high-performance inorganic antibacterial agent solves the worldwide problem of discoloration of inorganic antibacterial agent in application. With 0.5-2% added packaging product, its antibacterial rate can reach 99.9%, and it is currently used in milk and beverage antibacterial packaging. Plastic products, functional coatings and special paper.
3. Wear-resistant, anti-static nano paper
In the diversified industrial product packaging, especially high-precision instrumentation, stainless steel materials with high finish requirements and packaging materials for various alloy materials, not only the packaging paper is required to be waterproof, oil-proof and rust-proof, but also required. It has the characteristics of high strength, abrasion resistance, antistatic and anti-aging, and it is difficult for ordinary paper to have these characteristics at the same time. However, if the 0.1 to 0.3% nanometer titanium dioxide, chromium trioxide, zinc oxide, ferric oxide, tin dioxide, etc. powder is infiltrated into the papermaking pulp, the special paper can be excellent. Wear-resistant, water-resistant, corrosion-resistant, etc., and it also produces good electrostatic shielding performance, greatly reducing its electrostatic effect, which can greatly improve the safety factor of packaging products.
4. Dyeing nano paper
Colorants used for paper coloring can be divided into two major categories of dyes and pigments. Pigments for dyeing are mostly natural inorganic pigments, and some are organically synthesized. The pigment is insoluble in water, has no affinity with the fiber, and the dyeing performance is not as good as the dye, but the pigment has strong optical rotation resistance and strong resistance to chemicals such as acid and alkali. Although the dye is easy to color, it is easily hydrolyzed, has a large loss in the wet end, is highly polluting, has poor color fastness to paper, and is not resistant to chemicals such as acid and alkali. If nano-scale pigments are used, the color fastness of colored paper can be solved. Recent studies have found that the addition of powders such as nano-titanium dioxide, chrome yellow, and iron oxide red to chemical fibers can cover excessive ultraviolet radiation. Using computer simulation design, it is found that when the particle size of titanium dioxide particles is 50 to 120 nm, the ultraviolet absorbing effect is the best. The shielding powder particles of this particle size range can be added into the fiber to make light-resistant matt high-white paper. And bright colored paper, and can achieve anti-ultraviolet effect.
5. Inorganic fiber nano paper
The paper industry mainly uses plant fiber as raw material, and now also uses inorganic compounds to produce special paper. Since these inorganic materials are processed to have excellent dimensional stability, heat resistance, chemical resistance, flame retardancy and electrical insulation, these properties are unmatched by plant fibers. The representative inorganic fiber, glass fiber, can not withstand beating, and there is no bond between the glass fibers. The paper sheets are very fragile, but if the glass diameter is controlled below 100 nm, then The invention solves the problem that papermaking is difficult due to small expansion and contraction of the glass filament and poor flexibility, and is advantageous for interlacing the fibers.
6. Color flavored nano paper
With the development of science and technology, people's living standards have been continuously improved, and the quality requirements for paper have become higher and higher. Nowadays, a series of papers such as offset printing paper and writing paper of various fragrance types and various colors have been developed and produced. This scented paper is not only soft and delicate, but also has a subtle fragrance. The application of nanotechnology to the development of flavored paper will greatly improve the quality and printability of the flavored paper, and the image of the printed high-grade print will be more delicate and realistic. The use of color fragrant paper for printed books, primary and secondary school textbooks, exercise books, notebooks and various children's books, etc., people will not be glaring because of the high whiteness of the paper when reading, thus reducing the fatigue of long reading It has a certain effect on protecting vision and preventing myopia. Therefore, this kind of flavored paper has been well received by users since its launch.
7. Nano flame retardant paper
It is the paper that can stop the burning of fire. For it, no matter how much firepower, it will not cause burning. It is the nemesis of any kind of fire. It can only burn and carbonize, but it does not catch fire. After the paper is used, it can be used as waste paper, and no harmful substances are released in natural degradation. Flame-retardant paper can be generally used for fireworks, fireworks, colored cannons, Christmas toys, tourist cookers, and the like. It is an ideal green product in today's holiday supplies (all kinds of festive scenes, creating a cheerful atmosphere in the room, etc.). It has even been suggested that such papers be used to make firefighters and other clothing that often have to deal with fire, to prevent the clothes from burning and to play a flame retardant role. In addition, the flame retardant paper is applied to the dry type transformer, which has the advantages of safety, non-toxicity, flame retardancy and radiation resistance.
8. Magnetic nano paper
Magnetic paper can be recorded on the recorder like an audio tape, and it can also deliver sound. The magnetic paper is produced by containing a magnetic substance powder inside the paper, or a magnetic substance powder adhered to the surface of the paper, and the paper is magnetically treated after being subjected to a magnetic treatment; and the paper itself has Magnetic, it can be attached directly to a ferrous object. The application of nanotechnology to magnetic paper makes the paper quality better, and the magnetic effect is better and longer lasting. Today, this magnetic paper will have a wider and more innovative use in industrial and agricultural production, health care, national defense, scientific research, culture and education, and people's lives.
In addition, nanotechnology and materials also play a special role in the development of paper products, such as the development and research of high-performance specialty paper products such as color-changing paper and energy storage paper. In addition, due to its excellent chemical activity, nanomaterials have broad application prospects in papermaking chemicals and wastewater treatment. In addition to its application on paper, nanotechnology currently has many uses in the packaging and printing industry, such as nano-adhesives and sealants in packaging and printing, nano-magnetic materials, nano-substrate packaging materials, nano-catalysts and water purifying agents. , nano luminescent materials and anti-counterfeiting printing. In a nutshell, nanotechnology, as a high-tech research and development in recent years, will be applied in the field of printing as well as other fields, and will continue to develop in depth and breadth.