Lithographic suitability (middle)
We are a big printing company in Shenzhen China . We offer all book publications, hardcover book printing, papercover book printing, hardcover notebook, sprial book printing, saddle stiching book printing, booklet printing,packaging box, calendars, all kinds of PVC, product brochures, notes, Children's book, stickers, all kinds of special paper color printing products, game cardand so on.
For more information please visit
http://www.joyful-printing.com. ENG only
http://www.joyful-printing.net
http://www.joyful-printing.org
email: info@joyful-printing.net
Sixth, the suitability of post-press processing
(1) Post-processing: The surface finish after printing is: water-based PVA. This is an early method with good transparency, good moisture resistance and water resistance, but it must use solvent-resistant ink, which is rarely used now. At present, there are UV glazing and enamel PP, OPP plastic film, etc. The film has small stretchability, good stiffness, no need to use high heat and high pressure, single-sided and double-sided enamel, and does not need to pay too much attention to ink drying. The problem is therefore the most popular at this stage. It has a smooth surface and a matte surface, each with its own different feelings and effects. Generally speaking, advanced book covers, book clothes, and Chinese paintings are mostly made of matte. Bright books are used in books and magazines that highlight color effects and bright and lively. Thinner papers can cause curling as a disadvantage when humidity changes. Another hot stamping process should be carefully considered before or after glazing. After gilding, the glazing is protected, so that the gold foil is not easy to be worn off, but the gloss is poor. If the gilding is not easy to adhere after UV glazing, it must be considered in advance.
(2) Binding: Although there are many kinds of binding, there are hardcover, paperback, saddlery, threading, plastic, etc., various bindings have different characteristics, and in the binding process, it is necessary to pay attention to the requirements of processing machinery in advance. Prepare everything and start smoothly. Otherwise, there will be a lot of unnecessary post-order problems, such as folding alignment, folding order, extension of binding time, and unsatisfactory homework. In the case of hardcover, it is necessary to pay attention to the paper and the paste material, and whether it will fall off due to poor absorption of the material after the paste, and more attention should be paid to whether it is affected by weather changes and its quality and the dryness after the paste. The glued books should pay more attention to the quality of the hot melt glue, and the inner page and the cover should not fall off due to the coldness of the cold.
Seven, the suitability of the finished product
(1) Posters: mostly single-piece prints. The requirements for the use of paper should be that it is not easy to stretch, and the ink used should not be easily faded. Because it is mostly hung in the lobby, it is easy to be windy, it is best to apply a layer of PP or OPP film after printing, which will not only enhance the color brightness, but also make the surface less susceptible. Damage, there are also opportunities to prevent UV radiation and reduce fading.
(2) Catalogue: Its main function is to express the characteristics and advantages of the product, so the aesthetic appearance is the most important condition. Such prints must use high-grade paper, beautiful color pictures, exquisite design, careful processing and binding, so that readers like to achieve the publicity effect at a glance.
(3) Magazine: This is a reading material for the public. Sometimes there are certain objects. The papers used are mostly paper, the printing methods are mostly lithographic, the binding method is more saddle stitches, and the thick books have the use of binding methods. There are also time and quality requirements when making.
(4) Books: divided into threaded paperback and hardcover books, threaded and flat-loaded for schools, general novels and other books. Hardcover is more focused on advanced books, dictionaries, etc. In order to adapt to its long-term preservation characteristics, it must be straighter in the direction of the long side of the trade.
(5) Form: It is often multi-connected. At present, there are more non-carbon papers, which can eliminate the use of carbon paper as its main advantage, but non-carbon paper has the points of paper, medium paper and paper, and the paper is used for the upper layer. The middle paper is for the middle layer and the lower paper is for the lower layer. You must pay attention to the layer of paper when you use it. If the paper is used in the upper layer, there is no copy function.
Eight, material suitability
(1) Selection of printing plates: There are many types of printing plates, which can be based on:
1. The plate is divided into aluminum, zinc, stone, resin, nylon, cardboard and glass.
2. The structure is divided into single layer, double layer and multiple layers.
3. The plate making method is divided into manual, transfer, optical, and electronic.
4. The shape is divided into flat convex, flat, and concave.
5. The grinding method is divided into ball milling, brush grinding, chemical grinding, electronic chemical grinding, and sand blasting.
6. The layout is divided into chemical and anode.
7. The film coating method is divided into self-coating, machine coating and pre-coating. Tu.
8. The coated surface of the light film is divided into one side and two sides.
9. The film is divided into positive and negative.
10. The film processing method is divided into film type and film type.
11. The printing machine uses 11 categories including proofing machine, fast machine, sheet machine, rotary machine and transaction printing machine.
There are quite a few types from the above. In fact, at present, many printing plates used in Taiwan's lithographic printing plants are only pre-coated and positive-type, referred to as PS.
Version. The quality printed with this type of plate is quite high, and the plate making process is simple, as long as it is automatically processed in a plate processor, it can be completed in a few minutes. There are still a few book-based home-printing houses that use zinc or aluminum plates to make a protein version for a small amount of printed media.
(2) Choice of paper: There are three choices of type, quality and weight. In terms of types:
1. Printing paper: securities paper, printing paper, magazine paper, news paper, mold paper, paper, Bible paper, Daolin paper, etc.
2. Writing paper: book paper, book paper, miscellaneous paper, type paper, card paper, drawing paper.
3. Picture paper: watercolor paper, special paper, ordinary paper, charcoal paper, sea drawings.
4. Packaging paper: kraft paper, sulphur paper, match paper, rustproof paper, cigarette paper, fruit paper, sulphur paper, cellophane, wax paper.
5. Filter paper: chemical analysis paper, insulating paper.
6. Absorbing paper: blotting paper, carbon paper, napkin, toilet paper.
7. Specially processed paper: back carbon base paper, photographic base paper, fiber paper.
8. Cardboard: yellow cardboard, white cardboard, core cardboard, corrugated cardboard, ticket board, construction cardboard.
Seeing that there are so many kinds of things on the top, I don't know how to make choices at a time. It is not difficult, because most of the most commonly used are the first type of Daolin paper, mold paper and paper. In terms of quality selection, Daolin paper has all-wood forest, ivory forest, white Daolin and color road forest paper. The mold paper has white mold, beige mold and color paper. The paper has mirror version, super light double, special double, double-sided version, single-sided version, snow surface and cloth A variety of paper and so on. There are also choices such as printed paper, magazine paper, calendar paper and advanced seasoning paper. In fact, only a few of them are often contacted. In addition, the weight of the paper, there are two commonly used weighting methods: one is the basis weight, is more common in the world, is the weight of one meter square paper, placed on the electronic balance, in grams, That is gsm, or "mipping amount". One is the weight, the weight weighed by a 500-piece paper is the pound. It is used in both domestic and domestic, but for the sake of convenience, it is easier to use the basis weight, so that the paper of the same thickness is different in the number of pounds of 31×43” and the number of pounds of 25×35”, which is often easy to be confused. Most papers have a basis weight of 60-100 gsm, master papers range from 80-190 gsm, and papermaking has as low as 45 gsm. Before use, you only need to know the purpose, purpose, function, and characteristics to achieve the best. It is not difficult to choose. In addition, paper has a close relationship with humidity. First of all, we must know that the paper is a slurry consisting of 99% water, 0.5 to 1% cellulose, filler and gum, referred to as pulp, and then sent to the paper machine, long strip The funnel distributes the pulp onto the moving wire mesh to filter out most of the water, and then squeezes off the water from the hot press wheel and scalds it to make paper. After the above brief description, you can know that the paper has a "net surface and a non-mesh surface", the mesh surface is thicker, and the non-mesh surface is flat. At the same time, there will be a "silk flow", that is, the arrangement of the fibers in the direction of the strip, which directly affects the paper, and the phenomenon of bending after the damp is closely related to the binding of the book. If the filament of the paper runs along the long side, the edge of the book will be straight, otherwise it will be extremely flexible.
(3) Selection of ink: The lithographic printing ink is mostly transparent four primary color inks. There are not many choices in color printing, and most of them are gold and enamel. On the contrary, there are more choices in the case of color printing, and there are many options for special printing in special printing, such as: fluorescent ink, pearl ink, blackening, magnetic ink, ultraviolet ink, etc. There are also transparent and opaque ink points. Nowadays, many large printing houses use large-capacity four-color transparent inks, and use high-pressure pump automatic conveying tubes to send ink directly to the printing machine. The staff will not be too troublesome and do not need to adjust the ink. It's easy.
Nine, the suitability of the equipment
(1) Prepress equipment: At present, the prepress area is almost completely computerized. There are many types of equipment used, and the place of production is different. There are Japan, Germany, Britain, Denmark, Israel and other countries. Of course, there are easy to operate and more complicated. Many of the simple tasks are automatically calculated by the computer, and the quality is not necessarily poor. More complex manual work, more quality changes, can achieve more complex requirements.
(2) Printing equipment: At present, many automated printing plates, computerized inks, and register remote control devices have been used. Therefore, as long as the operation is performed on the console, most of the work can be completed, and the quality of the printed products is more beautiful.
(3) Postpress and processing equipment: Most of them are electronic and micro-computerized, and the adjustment work of the staff is also less and less. Many of them are automatically calculated by computer, so the effect is high and the quality is good for modern equipment.
Ten,. Environmental adaptability
(1) Lighting conditions:
1. Lighting standard - 204.4 +/- 43.6 candlelight.
2. Light source color temperature - 5,000 degrees K for viewing originals, 7,500 degrees K for color comparison when printing.
3. Color appearance index - 90-100.
4. Illumination geometry - should minimize the reflected light from the surrounding walls.
5. Transmitted light indicates the standard - 409 +/- 88 candles.
(2) Wall color: It should be based on the principle of bright gray, medium dark blue or green, etc. It is not suitable to use warm colors such as red, orange and yellow. Because after It is easy for the staff to feel irritable and easy to feel disgusted with their work.
(3) Temperature control: The temperature in the lithographic workplace must be controlled between 23 and 25 degrees Celsius, allowing personnel to work and operate the machines and equipment in a comfortable and ideal environment, and to extend the life of the machine.
(4) Humidity control: The humidity in the lithographic workplace must be maintained between RH 55-60%. The high humidity in the air will lead to unstable product quality, easy electronic device, easy paper stretching, processing and binding deformation, photosensitive material and photographic lens mold. And so on. These problems will affect the effect, increase production costs and so on.
(5) Air quality: The air quality in the working environment does not mean the installation of air-conditioning devices, but refers to the control of the temperature and humidity of the air, and more importantly, the introduction of fresh air into the room, and the replacement of the room is not fresh. air. Nowadays, many separate air-conditioners only use the air in the room to be cold and have no ventilation function. This will easily cause indoor air pollution, which will lead to staff discomfort, dizziness and infection of the upper respiratory tract.
(6) Wastewater treatment: Some chemicals will be used in the lithographic workshop, so some waste water will be generated, which will have to be properly treated to avoid environmental problems.
(7) Noise control: The noise that a person can endure is about 80 decibels. In the printing workplace, the places where noise is easy to produce are mostly printing rooms.
Therefore, personnel working in this environment must pay attention to the maximum amount of noise, preferably below 75 decibels. In some print yards, when using commercial rotary presses, separate compartments are used and sound-absorbing panels are placed on the ceiling to absorb most of the noise and meet environmental requirements.
(8) Storage environment: In addition to the temperature and humidity, the storage of materials should also pay attention to the handling conditions. Improper handling and unsuitable items will damage even if there is a good storage environment. Therefore, the most important principle should be the validity period, especially various chemicals.