Information display media - electronic ink
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We are in an era of electronic information. Traditional printing media has gradually been replaced by emerging electronic media. The information of CD-ROM, WWW, e-book, LCD, LED and other media has become an important source of information in people's lives. We accept In the information source, the proportion of electronic information is increasing. As far as today's information media is concerned, although electronic media information has a variety of lively expressions in terms of content, it is fast in publishing, updating and publishing, but in terms of reading, people are not very used to them, and they are related to the print media. There are many inconvenient places, especially when reading texts with a lot of content, it is easy to cause eye fatigue due to long-term stimulation by light. In addition, the reading of electronic information requires specialized hardware equipment and energy, which is bulky and heavy, and carries Inconvenient, it imposes many restrictions on reading, and can't be read anytime, anywhere like a book. To this end, people are striving to find an electronic medium that can be similar to paper, so that people can read the information at any time, and it is convenient to carry, without special hardware equipment and consuming a lot of energy.
In January 2002, E Ink announced that it has jointly developed one of the world's thinnest, refreshable, and portable paper-based array display media, Electronic Ink Display Media Materials, by Electron, TOPPAN, and Philips. . The material is only half the thickness of a credit card, and its weight and thickness are less than one-half of that of a conventional LCD. This display material has good flexibility and can display color information with high resolution, especially for mobile display and convenient carrying. The core technology of this material is electronic ink technology, and the basic unit for displaying information is electronic ink.
As shown in Fig. 1, a special ink printed on a treated base material by an electronic ink, which is only the size of a hair, is encapsulated by microcapsules. There are many positively charged white particles and negatively charged black particles in one microcapsule, and the positive and negative electric particles are distributed in the transparent liquid in the microcapsule. When the microcapsules are positively charged, the positively charged particles collect on the side visible to the observer, which is white; when negatively charged, the negatively charged black particles gather on the side that the observer can see. It looks like black. These particles are controlled by electric field localization, ie where the color is displayed is controlled by an electric field, and the control electric field is generated by a substrate with a high resolution display array.
The manufacturing process of paper-like array electronic ink display media tools can be divided into:
1. Coating of electronic ink
First, the electronic ink is uniformly printed onto a conductive transparent plastic substrate. That is, the microcapsule color particles are suspended and dispersed in a liquid medium to form an ink in a usual sense, and then printed onto a plastic sheet by a screen printing method.
Like plastic sheets, various surfaces such as fibers, glass, and even paper can be used as substrates for electronic inks, forming display media for information, and expanding the range of information.
2. Adhere the plastic sheet printed with electronic ink to a bottom plate
When pasting, first apply a layer of adhesive on the plastic sheet, and then use a roller to crush, so that the plastic sheet is evenly bonded to the bottom plate. A front rolling plate (FPL) with electronic ink is formed. The backplane has a high resolution display array whose circuitry is controlled by display software to form graphics composed of pixels.
Paper-based array electronic ink display materials are not yet officially available, and E INK is estimated to officially launch practical supplies in 2004.
The characteristics of paper-like array electronic ink display materials are as follows:
1. The display resolution is high, and the information can be displayed at any resolution. The optimal resolution is 125ppi.
2. The number of colors is large and the image quality is stable. The color electronic ink display tool can display 4096 colors.
3. Low energy consumption.
Compared with the display technology LCD and LED which were easy to read before, the energy consumption of electronic ink is much lower. As shown in Fig. 3, it is a comparison chart of energy consumption of several display media. It can be seen that the electronic ink has very little energy consumption, which directly leads to the use of a small battery for the electronic ink display, thereby making the display medium lighter and thinner, and Lower price.
The reasons why such electronic inks display media energy consumption are low:
It is a completely reflective reading medium that does not require background lighting; unlike computer monitors and LCD display media, it is represented by light, and the generation of light depends on electrical energy.
Once the electronic inks are displayed on the display panel, they will maintain the information content in a stable display state until the next display page is updated. Display media such as computer displays and LCDs must maintain a stable display of page information, and it is necessary to continuously supply power to emit the light required for display. Thus, the advantage of electronic ink is that the power it consumes is not the amount of time displayed, but the number of page updates.
4. Paper-like, readable
We know that the best reading medium is paper, because it reflects the light to display the text, and can be read under a wide range of lighting conditions and a wide range of angles. The color medium of the paper-like array electronic ink display tool and the color medium of the paper print are all inks, and the background color thereof also displays white, and the color is not displayed by the direct illuminant when reading, these conditions and the paper reading material are basically it's the same. Therefore, it has the same readability as paper.
When reading, it is judged that the readability can be evaluated by showing the reflectance of the white state and the contrast of the graphic. The reflectivity of the white state reflects the intensity of light reflected to the human eye compared to the standard white; while the contrast of the graphic shows the difficulty of distinguishing the graphic with the human eye. Experiments have shown that these two indicators of paper-like array electronic ink display tools are close to paper prints, much higher than LCD and LED. The specific values are shown in Table 1. It can also be seen from the table that the contrast of the paper-like array electronic ink display tool is higher than that of the newspaper.
The measurement condition is that the light is directly irradiated on the display medium at 45° from the top of the head, and the measurement angle is 0°, which is equivalent to the state directly read by the reader.
5. Strong, easy to carry, not easy to break
Since the glass material is not used as the display panel, it is replaced by a plastic material with softness and toughness, which makes the display medium more robust, and also has good portability, and can be carried and read everywhere like a book.
6. Easy to read information
Because it is easy to carry and does not consume a lot of power, the electronic ink display medium can be read like a book under ordinary hungry daylight conditions, and the user can read the information anytime and anywhere.
7. Light and thin
Compared with liquid crystal display LCDs, electronic ink display media is much thinner and lighter. As shown in Fig. 4, a typical LCD is sandwiched between two layers of glass by a thin liquid crystal layer. Each layer of the glass is 0.7 mm thick. Two layers of polarizing filter film are placed on the glass, two layers. The film is about 0.5 mm thick, so that the resulting LCD panel has a thickness of at least 2 mm. In addition, the circuit components that make the LCD display light will be thicker and heavier.
The purpose of the electronic ink display media is as follows:
A reader for electronic publications for the downloading and reading of books, newspapers, and publications.
A display panel that can be used for mobile phones.
Display panel of machine and instrument.
Public place announcements, billboards.
Outdoor Billboard.
For many years, we have been saying that print media has been hit by electronic media. But until today, people are still willing to read traditional prints because of the irritating, reading and carrying inconvenience of the human display media. Once this new type of electronic ink display media is available, and it is popular from the price to the acceptable level, and the corresponding electronic information content supply and marketing cooperation is very good, it will be a nightmare of the traditional print media communication industry. At least it will have a terrible impact on the field of cultural printing.