Discussion on RFID Radio Frequency Identification Identification System (I)
We are a big printing company in Shenzhen China . We offer all book publications, hardcover book printing, papercover book printing, hardcover notebook, sprial book printing, saddle stiching book printing, booklet printing,packaging box, calendars, all kinds of PVC, product brochures, notes, Children's book, stickers, all kinds of special paper color printing products, game cardand so on.
For more information please visit
http://www.joyful-printing.com. ENG only
http://www.joyful-printing.net
http://www.joyful-printing.org
email: info@joyful-printing.net
First, what is RFID?
RFID is the abbreviation of "Radio Frequency Identification" in English. It is called radio frequency identification, inductive electronic chip or proximity card, proximity card, contactless card, etc. It is a kind of non-contact automatic identification technology. According to research by Pira in the UK, it is likely that in the next few years, the important impact on packaging, printing and paper production will be RFID RFID . ;Forrester Research said that the data center adopts Linux system, offshoring, and RFID (radio frequency identification) are the four IT trends in 2004 ; the policy will include RFID in 2003. Ten technologies worthy of observation in the year ; "There has been no such exciting new technology for a long time," said Wu Baicheng, head of the research institute of the Industrial Research Institute, on RFID. Wireless identification system will replace barcodes - RFID will make millions of checkouts unemployed (93/12/01 China Times); old technology RFID becomes a new generation of killer applications, global retail industry 122 trillion commodity class revolution (833 Business Weekly). These are all descriptions of RFID. In fact, RFID technology existed as early as World War II, when the United Kingdom used to confirm whether the aircraft entering the airport was its own aircraft, so as not to be mistaken.
The simplest RFID system consists of a tag, a reader, and an antenna. When the tag enters the magnetic field, the receiving reader sends a signal, which is obtained by the induced current. The energy sends out the product information (Passive Tag, no power label or passive label) stored in the chip, or actively sends a signal of a certain frequency (Active Tag, with power label or active label); After reading the information and decoding it, it sends it to the central information system for processing. However, other software and hardware support is needed in practical applications.
According to estimates by the US retail chain alliance, several major retailers in the United States suffered losses of up to $70 billion a year due to poor product management. Kevin Ashton, the former vice president of marketing at Procter & Gamble, has a personal pain. In 1997, the company's Ole moisturizing lotion was launched, and the products were sold well, but they were too popular, and many store shelves were often empty. Too many goods and the speed of checking is too slow. "We watched the money escaping from the shelves one minute and one second," Ashton said. It took him two years to find the answer, which is to replace the current Bar Code with RFID, which becomes an excellent information transmitter for retail products, which can change hundreds of applications and management methods. Under the auspices of P&G and Gillette, Sanjay Sarma and David Brock, two professors of RFID application technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), established the Auto ID Center (Auto-ID Center). ), specializing in RFID electronic product barcodes, the date of establishment was October 25, 1999, which is the 25th anniversary of the publication of barcodes. In addition to headquarters in School of Engineering, MIT, in the United Kingdom (Cambridge University), Switzerland (St. Gallen University), Australia (University of Adelaide), Japan (Yingqing University), China (Fudan University) have established branches.
Second, the characteristics of RFID
(1) Read and write function of data:
As long as the RFID Reader can be used, the message can be directly read into the database, and multiple tags can be processed at one time, and the status of the logistics process can be written into the tag for reading and judgment of the next stage of the logistics process.
(2) Shapes that are easy to miniaturize and diversify:
RFID is not limited in size and shape for reading, and it does not need to match the fixed size and print quality of the paper for reading accuracy. In addition, RFID TAG can be developed into smaller and more diverse types to be applied to different products.
(3) Environmental resistance:
Paper can't be seen as soon as it gets dirty, but RFID has strong stain resistance to water, oil and drugs. RFID can also read data in a dark or dirty environment.
(4) Reusable:
Since RFID is electronic data, it can be overwritten repeatedly, so it can be recycled and reused. For example, passive RFID can be used without a battery and there is no need for maintenance.
(5) Penetration:
Transmissive communication is also possible if RFID is coated with non-metallic or non-transparent materials such as paper, wood and plastic. However, if it is ferrous metal, communication will not be possible.
(6) The memory capacity of the data is large:
The data capacity will expand with the development of memory specifications, and the amount of data that will be carried in future items will become larger and larger, and the demand for capacity expansion of the volume label will increase, and RFID will not be restricted.
Third, the frequency of use of RF
In order to avoid confusion and distress in the use of radio frequency frequencies in various countries, most of the international standards are in compliance with the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). At present, there are six kinds of frequencies used by RFID, which are below 135KHz, 13.56MHz, 433.92MHz, 860M~930MHz (ie UHF), 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz, each with its own characteristics and defects. The transmission distance below 135KHz is about 10 cm short, and the communication speed is slow. This band is open in most countries and does not involve regulatory openness and licensing applications, so it is the most widely used and is mainly used in pets, access control and anti-theft tracking. 13.56MHz thinning effect The best transmission distance is less than 1 meter. Representative applications are membership cards, identification cards, airline tickets and building access management. The proximity non-contact IC card with a communication distance of about 10 cm develops rapidly. The RFID tag in the UHF band can reach the transmission distance of up to 5 meters, which can greatly improve the application level at the current stage. The communication quality is good and it is suitable for the supply chain item management. However, there are different frequency regulations in different countries. The user frequency is inevitable, otherwise the cross-regional application will inevitably lead to blind spots in management.
Fourth, the difference between RFID and barcode
At present, hundreds of millions of large and small goods in the world rely on a line of different thickness (barcode) on the product to identify the identity. But the barcode can only record the simple background of the product, such as the manufacturer and item name, and it must be scanned by infrared contact to read the data. More importantly, more than 500 million products are produced every year in the world, and the barcodes of the world-wide commodity barcodes are almost running out. The barcode is read-only, needs to be aligned, can only read one at a time, and is easy to break. The RFID is rewritable, does not need to be aligned when used, and can be read at the same time, and can be used all day long. Human intervention. So Bar Code is likely to be replaced by RFID tags.
Fifth, the scope of RFID applications
The application of RFID is quite extensive, and the most common applications are:
* Access control: personnel access control, control and personnel management
* Recycling assets: management of recyclable containers such as pallets, containers, trolleys, cages, etc.
* Cargo management: baggage identification, inventory, logistics and transportation management for air transportation
* Material Handling: Factory's material inventory, material control system
* Waste treatment: garbage collection and disposal, waste control system
* Medical applications: hospital medical record system, hazardous or regulated biochemical management
* Transportation: Highway toll collection system
* Anti-theft application: anti-theft management in supermarkets, anti-theft management in library or bookstore
* Animal monitoring: animal husbandry management, pet identification, wildlife ecology tracking
* Automatic control: assembly production of automobiles, home appliances, electronics
* Joint ticket: combined with multi-purpose smart stored value cards, bonus points cards
Texas Instruments Incorporated has produced RFID products including: access control, air parcel identification, car alarm, document tracking management, parcel tracking identification, animal husbandry, logistics management, mobile commerce, product anti-counterfeiting, Sports timing, ticket management, etc. (http://www.ti.com).
Sixth, the possible bottleneck in the development of RFID
(1) Privacy issues:
RFID Journal and market research institute ABI, jointly called "RFID Journal According to Live's survey, "The biggest advantage of adopting RFID technology is that it can transparently manage the supply chain of enterprises and effectively reduce costs. Recently, the security of RFID is also very interesting. Many companies have introduced RFID to enhance security product.Because no one will voluntarily expose personal privacy because it is convenient to use.
(2) Unemployment issues:
After adopting the RFID system, enterprises will take over the work that was originally done manually and further replace the manual operation. The problem derived from it will be that many workers face the crisis of losing their jobs.
(3) Technological breakthroughs:
According to the organization Auto-ID According to a survey conducted by Center, even if a double label is attached, 3% of the RFID label is still unreadable; only 78% of the label is labeled correctly. In addition, the radio frequency identification tag and the reader have directivity and the radio frequency identification signal is easily blocked by the object, which is also a great challenge for the future development of the radio frequency identification technology.
(4) Cost reduction:
RFID systems, regardless of the volume label, readers and antennas, are expected to reduce manufacturing costs significantly with the application of major players. In addition, McKinsey, a well-known consulting firm, pointed out that manufacturers can't just focus on the future price drop of RFID, because this is a coveted The technology also requires enterprise resource planning (ERP) software upgrades, and this part may be costly.
(5) Formulation and implementation of international standards:
Standardization is the necessary measure to promote widespread market acceptance, but the technology of RFID readers and tags is still not uniform, so it cannot be applied in one. The label communication protocol developed by different manufacturers is applicable to different frequencies, and the packet format is different. At present, the commonly used 134KHz and 13.56MHz are not long enough to limit the transmission distance between the reader and the RFID tag, so that several tags cannot be read efficiently, and the biggest problem across the UHF band is that Most RFID systems and label suppliers, as well as devices, cannot support the UHF band. As a result, companies, Automated Identification Centers, and International Standards organizations are working to set standards for RFID tags so that all tags are compatible with any reader.