A solution to the problem of digital color quality control - color management technology
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In the environment around us, in terms of food, clothing, housing, travel, education, music, etc., color is almost omnipresent around people, and each person has a very close relationship, for a simple example, when When you walk out of the outdoors, you will be able to see large and colorful advertisements, receive a variety of beautifully printed color DMs, or see colorful LCD screen billboards, etc., which are beautifully reproduced. Color has an in-depth influence on each person's emotions, emotions and personality. The most important purpose is to convey information, stimulate and attract consumers' desire to purchase. The color of the product is often one of the factors that consumers decide to buy or not. Therefore, for the printing industry that produces color images, copying color control technology is undoubtedly one of the core technologies of this industry.
In the traditional printing and copying process, color plate making is done by electronic color separation machine. Since the electronic color separation machine is input from the color scanning head to the recording head output once, there is no difficulty in color communication or reproduction. And problems; but with the development of printing technology, the era of digital network publishing, digital printing and open system architecture, the color communication of various printing equipment such as digital proofing machine, MAC or PC color screen, printing machine, etc. The color reproduction ability has been tested and impacted. The reason is the performance of the manufacturers of each printing and copying media device (such as screen, digital camera RGB color-added color or digital proofing machine, printing machine CMYK subtractive color display) Color or copy has its own unique color processing mode and color rendering capability, and in this case, the color reproduction results will be almost unpredictable when using the system architecture of the open production process. For example, have you ever encountered the following situation:
The scanning results of the desktop scanner always have a big gap with the original - the color displayed on the screen is different from the digital proofing machine - the same file digital proofing is completely different from the printing result - RGB The color of the image files becomes lighter after CMYK printing. Different computers display the same file. The colors are inconsistent. In order to solve these digital color quality problems, in recent years, research institutes or international companies in various countries have integrated and invested in many color experts and engineering. Technicians focus their research and development on finding a color representation method and module that is independent of device color display. Color Management Technology is a cross-media digital color industry. Standard technology, which allows printers to chain together machines from different brands, such as Crosfield's color scanners to connect Barco screens, Fuji's digital proofers, and ECRM mesh output machines. This is a combination of the traditional closed-loop color in the past, which is absolutely impossible. For these different devices, the digital data has not changed, but because different devices have different color rendering methods, they will get different colors. Now with the development of digital color control technology, color consistency is solved. The problem of color reproduction!
This epoch-making solution is based on the industry standards of the International Color Consortium (ICC), the so-called "International Color Consortium ICC" by Adobe Systems Inc., Agfa, Apple. Computer, Eastman Kodak Company, Microsoft Corporation, Silicon Graphics Inc., Sun Microsystems, Taligent Inc and other member companies established in 1993, the color technology alliance organization, mainly for the integration of all image file formats currently used, and The characteristics of various copy color devices are defined under this standard to support the establishment of an ICC Profile between media devices, that is, an input device, a display device, and a print output. The device and the output device are processed by a standard program of Device Characterization to generate a so-called ICC Profile and embed the image of the image pattern to describe the color of the different devices. The files are linked to each other through different Rendering Intents and attached to the image file to achieve color management. Use this color description file to concatenate the Color Rendering Intent between different devices to achieve the purpose of managing color and solve all the problems related to color consistency.
In fact, the color management technology proposed by the ICC International Color Consortium is a color coordinate system developed by the CIE International Color Standards Committee. The general digital image color data is processed by the ICC Profile method, so that the color characteristics of the device are not changed by the device media. The color changes; the so-called "ICC Profile" is the "color characterization file", which is a digital data file used to describe the color characteristics of media devices, mainly between the establishment of RGB or CMYK and CIE XYZ or CIE Lab. relationship. Therefore, dealing with digital color control technology under the open system architecture is to incorporate color reproduction technology and experience into a set of resident system software, which is called Color Management System. Referred to as CMS.
The core elements of color management mainly have three parts: device calibration, device color characterization (C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n ), color conversion (Conversion), collectively known as the color management system 3C; therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of color management, correction, color characterization, color conversion are all indispensable. The so-called device calibration (Calibration) is mainly the process of making all cross-media devices accurately and accurately represent colors; correcting each cross-media device is only the first and necessary condition for obtaining the correct color in the color reproduction process. The success of color management is related to whether all system equipment can produce color according to the manufacturer's production standards; however, the correction does not guarantee the color matching between the devices, it can only ensure that the scanner, display, printer and other media devices can be respectively according to the manufacturer's Factory standards to display color (Adams, 1994).